Progress on molecular breeding and metabolic engineering of biosynthesis pathways of C30, C35, C40, C45, C50 carotenoids

Wang, Fei; Jiang, Jian Guo; Chen, Qian

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.12.001

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Zeaxanthin is then further modified to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin by zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). α-Carotene is also further modified to lutein, lutein epoxide, and neoxanthin by α-carotene hydroxylase (LUT1; see reviews by Hirschberg [21] and Wang et al [40]). In fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), antheraxanthin and violaxanthin are further modified to capsanthin and capsorubin, respectively, by capsanthin-capsorubin synthase [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) from South Korea

Goo¹,

Kim²,

et al. 2009

J. Plant Biol.

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Efforts are being made to identify a parental cultivar suitable for metabolic engineering of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that will elevate total carotenoid content or produce a specific type of carotenoid. As an initial step in this search, we performed high performance liquid chromatography analyses and comparisons among gene expression profiles for several cultivars domesticated or bred in South Korea. Here, the dark yellow-fleshed "Golden Valley" contained the highest level of total carotenoids (23.8 μg g −1 dry weight (DW)), which was 1.7-to 3.7-fold higher than those measured in other cultivars. The predominant carotenoids in "Golden Valley" were lutein (40.3% of the total), violaxanthin (29.8%), and β-carotene (8.8%), with only a trace amount of zeaxanthin (0.02%) being detected. Levels of lutein and β-carotene in that cultivar were significantly higher than in the others. Interestingly, relatively high amounts of violaxanthin were accumulated in all cultivars, ranging from 15.9% (1.0 μg g −1 DW in "Jowon") to 61.7% (8.2 μg g −1 DW in "Dejima"). In accordance with the relatively high content of total carotenoids in "Golden Valley", remarkably elevated transcripts were also accumulated for most of the genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In particular, genes encoding enzymes for the first three steps of carotenogenesis-phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and ζ-carotene desaturase-were most actively expressed. A relatively high level of transcript for the carotene hydroxylase (Chy2) gene was detected in all cultivars, including "Jowon", which had accumulated the lowest amount of total carotenoids. In contrast, almost no transcripts were detected for carotene isomerase (CrtIso) and Chy1 in any of these cultivars. Our preliminary results suggest that "Golden Valley" is an excellent candidate for metabolic engineering that further increases its content of specific carotenoids, e.g., β-carotene and astaxanthin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) from South Korea

Goo¹,

Kim²,

et al. 2009

J. Plant Biol.

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“…Carotenoid synthesis is a complex secondary metabolic system [13]. In the tomato fruit, LYCB activity yields β-carotene [14], which is a major source of vitamin A for the human diet [12], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Citrus Lycopene β-Cyclase Transgene on Carotenoid Metabolism in Transgenic Tomato Fruits

et al. 2012

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Lycopene β-cyclase (LYCB) is the key enzyme for the synthesis of β-carotene, a valuable component of the human diet. In this study, tomato constitutively express Lycb-1 was engineered. The β-carotene level of transformant increased 4.1 fold, and the total carotenoid content increased by 30% in the fruits. In the transgenic line, the downstream α-branch metabolic fluxes were repressed during the three developmental stages while α-carotene content increased in the ripe stage. Microarray analysis in the ripe stage revealed that the constitutive expression of Lycb-1 affected a number of pathways including the synthesis of fatty acids, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, the degradation of limonene and pinene, starch and sucrose metabolism and photosynthesis. This study provided insight into the regulatory effect of Lycb-1 gene on plant carotenoid metabolism and fruit transcriptome.

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“…This biotechnological interest has prompted extensive research into both natural [16] and recombinant carotenoid production, particularly in microbes [21]. As part of the latter approach, carotenoids are a model system [22] to study recombinant biosynthetic pathway engineering [23]–[25], by which novel compounds are produced by combining genes from multiple organisms in a heterologous host. This approach has resulted in novel carotenoids with enhanced biotechnologically relevant properties such as antioxidative strength [26], [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Patterns in Microbial Carotenoid Biosynthesis Are Revealed by Comparative Genomics

Klassen

2010

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundCarotenoids are multifunctional, taxonomically widespread and biotechnologically important pigments. Their biosynthesis serves as a model system for understanding the evolution of secondary metabolism. Microbial carotenoid diversity and evolution has hitherto been analyzed primarily from structural and biosynthetic perspectives, with the few phylogenetic analyses of microbial carotenoid biosynthetic proteins using either used limited datasets or lacking methodological rigor. Given the recent accumulation of microbial genome sequences, a reappraisal of microbial carotenoid biosynthetic diversity and evolution from the perspective of comparative genomics is warranted to validate and complement models of microbial carotenoid diversity and evolution based upon structural and biosynthetic data.Methodology/Principal FindingsComparative genomics were used to identify and analyze in silico microbial carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. Four major phylogenetic lineages of carotenoid biosynthesis are suggested composed of: (i) Proteobacteria; (ii) Firmicutes; (iii) Chlorobi, Cyanobacteria and photosynthetic eukaryotes; and (iv) Archaea, Bacteroidetes and two separate sub-lineages of Actinobacteria. Using this phylogenetic framework, specific evolutionary mechanisms are proposed for carotenoid desaturase CrtI-family enzymes and carotenoid cyclases. Several phylogenetic lineage-specific evolutionary mechanisms are also suggested, including: (i) horizontal gene transfer; (ii) gene acquisition followed by differential gene loss; (iii) co-evolution with other biochemical structures such as proteorhodopsins; and (iv) positive selection.Conclusions/SignificanceComparative genomics analyses of microbial carotenoid biosynthetic proteins indicate a much greater taxonomic diversity then that identified based on structural and biosynthetic data, and divides microbial carotenoid biosynthesis into several, well-supported phylogenetic lineages not evident previously. This phylogenetic framework is applicable to understanding the evolution of specific carotenoid biosynthetic proteins or the unique characteristics of carotenoid biosynthetic evolution in a specific phylogenetic lineage. Together, these analyses suggest a “bramble” model for microbial carotenoid biosynthesis whereby later biosynthetic steps exhibit greater evolutionary plasticity and reticulation compared to those closer to the biosynthetic “root”. Structural diversification may be constrained (“trimmed”) where selection is strong, but less so where selection is weaker. These analyses also highlight likely productive avenues for future research and bioprospecting by identifying both gaps in current knowledge and taxa which may particularly facilitate carotenoid diversification.

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Progress on molecular breeding and metabolic engineering of biosynthesis pathways of C30, C35, C40, C45, C50 carotenoids

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) from South Korea

Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) from South Korea

Effect of the Citrus Lycopene β-Cyclase Transgene on Carotenoid Metabolism in Transgenic Tomato Fruits

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Patterns in Microbial Carotenoid Biosynthesis Are Revealed by Comparative Genomics

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