Progress on chicken T cell immunity to viruses

Dai, Manman; Xu, Chunyan; Chen, Weisan; Liao, Ming

doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03117-1

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…While research on avian T-cell immunity to viruses is still constrained by a few of factors [138], significant advances in immunological reagents and methods have been achieved. The application of flow cytometry has enabled us to study the kinetics of immune cells in chickens at a single-cell level [139,140] and to quantify absolute cell numbers by overcoming the interference of nucleated erythrocytes and Multi-color flow cytometry To phenotype immune cells using antibodies against chicken surface markers CD8α, CD4, TCR1, Bu1, Kul01, CD3, CD45, and thrombocyte marker K1 [139][140][141] CD107a assay To examine surface expression of CD107a (LEP100, clone 5G10) on cytotoxic T cells as indicator of CTL degranulation [144] CTL assay Using splenocytes from immunized or naïve chickens as effector cells to kill REV-transformed and MDV antigen-transfected cells for detecting MHC-restricted cytotoxicity and RP9 cells for detecting nonspecific cytotoxicity of NK and γδ T cells [52,84] Intracellular cytokine staining To detect IFN-γ expression of T cells upon antigen stimulation by intracellular staining with anti-IFN-γ monoclonal (clone 5C.123.08 and mAb80) and polyclonal antibody [142,143] IFN-γ ELISPOT Using anti-chicken IFN-γ antibody pairs (clone 5C.123.08 and 5C.123.02) to quantify the number of IFN-γ-secreting T cells upon stimulation with epitope peptides or viral antigens [51,142] In vitro T-cell culture T cells that are activated in plate pre-coated with anti-TCR2 monoclonal antibody and grow in IL-2and IL-18-containing medium are used for T-cell infection and proliferation assay [74,99] DC and MΦ differentiation Dendritic cells and macrophages are differentiated from bone marrow cells with GM-CSF and IL-4, immunophenotyped by antibodies against surface markers CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC-II, and used for mixed lymphocyte reaction and antigen presentation assay [69,71] T-cell transformation and lymphoma.…”

Section: Perspectives and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting cellular immune response to oncogenic Marek’s disease virus: the rising of avian T-cell immunity

Yang

Dong

Hao

et al. 2020

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T-cell lymphomas and serves as a natural virus-induced tumor model in chickens. Although Marek's disease (MD) is well controlled by current vaccines, the evolution of MDV field viruses towards increasing virulence is concerning as a better vaccine to combat very virulent plus MDV is still lacking. Our understanding of molecular and cellular immunity to MDV and its immunopathogenesis has significantly improved, but those findings about cellular immunity to MDV are largely out-of-date, hampering the development of more effective vaccines against MD. T-cell-mediated cellular immunity was thought to be of paramount importance against MDV. However, MDV also infects macrophages, B cells and T cells, leading to immunosuppression and T-cell lymphoma. Additionally, there is limited information about how uninfected immune cells respond to MDV infection or vaccination, specifically, the mechanisms by which T cells are activated and recognize MDV antigens and how the function and properties of activated T cells correlate with immune protection against MDV or MD tumor. The current review revisits the roles of each immune cell subset and its effector mechanisms in the host immune response to MDV infection or vaccination from the point of view of comparative immunology. We particularly emphasize areas of research requiring further investigation and provide useful information for rational design and development of novel MDV vaccines.

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Section: Perspectives and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting cellular immune response to oncogenic Marek’s disease virus: the rising of avian T-cell immunity

Yang

Dong

Hao

et al. 2020

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…Cytotoxic T-cells play an important role in the immune response to the avian infectious bronchitis virus (Gurjar R et al, 2013, Zegpi R et al, 2019. Dai M et al (2019) demonstrate in their articles that T-cells of chickens play a relevant role in fi ghting a viral infection, ensuring stable and immunocross defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of the harderian gland in chickens to infectious bronchitis coronavirus

et al. 2021

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Aim. To determine the difference in immune responses of the harderian gland in clinically healthy chickens and the ones with infectious bronchitis based on the content, localization and morphometric estimation of the surface markers of Т- and В-lymphocytes and to determine the differentiation index as an indicator of assessing body defenses. Methods. Histological, immunohistochemical, optical, morphometric and statistical. Results. The histological study of the harderian gland of chickens with infectious bronchitis determined the swelling and proliferation of the connective tissue as well as infiltration of secretory lobules by lymphoid cells. It was found that the immunity of chickens with infectious bronchitis, in which the harderian gland plays a relevant role, depends considerably on the differentiation index of immunocompetent cells. There was a reliable 1.77- and 1.36-fold decrease in this indicator for 40- and 90-day-old chickens, respectively, in case of nephroso-nephritic form of infectious bronchitis which demonstrated a weaker function of the defense cells of this organ. According to the cytomorphometric analysis, the number of cells, expressing CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD45RA+ markers in the harderian gland of sick 20-, 40-, and 90-day-old chickens with respiratory and nephroso-nephritic forms of infectious bronchitis was reliably (P < 0.05) increasing compared to the clinically healthy chickens. For instance, the number of mature В-lymphocytes increased in sick 20-day-old chickens – 2.44 times, 40-day-old chickens – 1.88 times, and 90-day-old ones – 2.62 times compared to clinically healthy chickens. Conclusions. The data were obtained about the changes in quantitative and qualitative composition of lymphocytes with surface markers CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD45RA+ in the harderian gland of chickens with infectious bronchitis. Our results will supplement current knowledge about the feasibility of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnostics of avian infectious bronchitis.

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“…Adaptive immunity is known to play a vital protective role against avian viral infections. However, studies so far have focused on the avian innate immune response, while research on avian T cell or B cell immunity is still in its infancy [1]. For example, many important marker genes of the chicken immune cells are unknown, including effector or memory T cells and B cells; this greatly limit the immune cell phenotyping and subsequent immune function and mechanistic studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, antibody level and T cell proportional change in the peripheral blood are usually used to evaluate a virus-induce immune response[3,5,13,34]. Flowcytometry-based phenotyping and functional evaluation of chicken T cells are limited by reagents and methods availability[1]. Fortunately, advances in scRNA-seq can assist with these problems and significantly promote our understanding of the molecular details regarding efficient immune responses to viral infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken peripheral blood lymphocyte response to ALV-J infection assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing

Dai

Feng

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) exhibit wide-ranging cell types, but current understanding of their subclasses, immune cell classification, and function is limited and incomplete. Previously, we found that viremia caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV‐J) was eliminated by 21 days post infection (DPI), accompanied by increased CD8+ T cell ratio in PBLs and low antibody levels. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBLs in ALV-J infected and control chickens at 21 DPI to determine chicken PBL subsets and their specific molecular and cellular characteristics, before and after viral infection. Eight cell clusters and their potential marker genes were identified in chicken PBLs. T cell populations (clusters 6 and 7) had the strongest response to ALV-J infection at 21 DPI, based on detection of the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). T cell populations of clusters 6 and 7 could be further divided into four subsets: activated CD4+ T cells (cluster A0), Th1-like cells (cluster A2), Th2-like cells (cluster A1), and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Hallmark genes for each T cell subset response to viral infection were initially identified. Furthermore, pseudotime analysis results suggested that chicken CD4+ T cells could potentially differentiate into Th1-like and Th2-like cells. Moreover, ALV-J infection probably induced CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1-like cells in which the most immune related DEGs were detected. With respect to the control group, ALV-J infection also had an obvious impact on PBL cell composition. B cells showed inconspicuous response and their numbers decreased in PBLs of the ALV-J infected chickens at 21 DPI. Percentages of cytotoxic Th1-like cells and CD8+ T cells were increased in the T cell population of PBLs from ALV-J infected chicken, which were potentially key mitigating factors against ALV-J infection. More importantly, our results provided a rich resource of gene expression profiles of chicken PBL subsets for a systems-level understanding of their function in homeostatic condition as well as in response to viral infection.

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Progress on chicken T cell immunity to viruses

Cited by 23 publications

References 79 publications

Revisiting cellular immune response to oncogenic Marek’s disease virus: the rising of avian T-cell immunity

Revisiting cellular immune response to oncogenic Marek’s disease virus: the rising of avian T-cell immunity

Immune response of the harderian gland in chickens to infectious bronchitis coronavirus

Chicken peripheral blood lymphocyte response to ALV-J infection assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing

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