Progress in solar PV technology: Research and achievement

Tyagi, V.V.; Rahim, N.A.; Jeyraj, A; Selvaraj, Laveen Prabhu

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.028

Cited by 601 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Due to a continuing price reduction, government subsidies and an improvement in reliability and efficiency, the demand for photovoltaic (PV) modules has increased tremendously over the last ten years (Tyagi et al, 2013). An analysis completed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicated that the capacity of new systems installed was at a rate of 100 megawatts per day in 2013, as a result the electricity yielded by solar PV globally reached 150 gigawatts in early 2014 (IEA, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of dust to performance degradation of PV modules in a temperate climate zone

et al. 2015

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This research investigates the contribution of dust to the long-term performance degradation of various photovoltaic (PV) modules that have been operating for almost eighteen years without any cleaning procedures at the Renewable Energy Outdoor Testing Area (ROTA), Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. A solar module analyser was used to assess the PVs'electrical performance, while a combination of spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope, electron dispersive spectroscope and X-ray diffraction were used to exam the properties of the dust on the panels. The study found that the degradation of the PV modules' power output, ranged from 19% to 33%. The degradation is mostly due to non-dust related factors such as corrosion, delamination, and discoloration, which account about 71% to 84%, although the contribution of dust is still significant at 16% to 29%. Anova analysis shows that the dust has a fairly uniform impact on the performance degradation of all PV technologies at ROTA. This is in line with the results of spectral transmittance curves for different dust density samples that essentially flat over the wavelength range of the PV modules. An investigation of the properties of dust revealed that dust particles deposited on PV modules' surface at ROTA were dominated by fine particles built of large amounts of quartz (SiO 2 ), followed by calcium oxide (CaO) and some minors of feldspars minerals (KAlSi 3 O 8 ), which are the main factors in transmittance losses that affect PV module performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of dust to performance degradation of PV modules in a temperate climate zone

et al. 2015

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“…Mechanical stress caused by the bending of the substrate slightly affected the resistance of the tested layer. After 50 cycles of the bending, the resistance value increased to about 5.08·10 3 . Further bending does not result in significant changes in resistance and maintained at the similar level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is believed that in the not so distant future, thanks to new materials, solar cells could be ubiquitous and one of the cleanest energy sources all over the world. 2,3 There are many publications about the methods of shaping the surface and structure of materials to improve their properties. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Some materials exhibit a property known as the photovoltaic effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and excite an electron or other charge carrier to a higher-energy state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carbon-nanotubes counter electrode for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

Drygała¹,

Dobrzański²,

Prokopowicz³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are an attractive alternative to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells because of their low-cost, relatively high photon-to-current conversion efficiency for low energy consumption and simple fabrication process. The dye-sensitized solar cell consists of the following components: a photoanode, a dye, an electrolyte, and a counter electrode. The counter electrode is a crucial element, in which the triiodide is reduced to iodide by electrons flowing through the external circuit. Platinum is the most used material for a counter electrode in DSSCs, due to its electrocatalytic activity towards I3 -reduction. However, the use of platinum may not be a suitable option because of its high cost. Additionally, to achieve widespread application of next-generation photovoltaics, it is important to develop flexible devices. Given this, the paper presents the influence of mechanical stress arising from the bending of a flexible substrate on the morphology, the resistance of counter electrode based on carbon nanotubes as well as the electrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells. Keywords: photovoltaics, dye-sensitized solar cells, flexible substrates, counter electrode, carbon nanotubes Fleksibilne tankoslojne barvno ob~utljive son~ne celice (angl. DSSCs) so privla~na alternativa konvencionalnim kristalnim silicijevim son~nim celicam zaradi nizke cene in relativno visoke u~inkovitosti pretvorbe foton-tok, z nizko porabo energije in enostavnim postopkom procesom proizvodnje izdelave. Tankoplastna son~na celica je sestavljena iz naslednjih komponent: fotoanode, barvila, elektrolita in tokovne elektrode. Tokovna elektroda je klju~ni element, na kateri se trijodid reducira na jodid z elektroni, ki te~ejo skozi zunanji tokokrog. V solarnih celicah je platina najpogosteje uporabljan material za tokovne elektrode zaradi svoje elektrokataliti~ne aktivnosti (redukcija I3 -ionov). Zaradi visoke cene pa uporaba platine vendarle ni optimalna izbira. Torej, da bi dosegli {iroko uporabo naslednjih generacij fotovoltaike je pomembno razvijati fleksibilne naprave.^lanek predstavlja vpliv mehanskih napetosti zaradi upogibanja fleksibilnega substrata na morfologijo in odpornost tokovne elektrode iz ogljikovih nanocevk, kot tudi elektri~ne lastnosti tankoslojne son~ne celice. Klju~ne besede: fotovoltaika, tankoslojne barvno ob~utljive son~ne celice, fleksibilni substrati, tokovna elektroda iz ogljikovih nanocevk

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“…Sel-surya dipercaya mampu menjadi sumber energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan mudah digunakan secara massal [2,3]. Saat ini, berbagai sel-surya sudah dibuat dan dikomersialisasi menggunakan berbagai material sebagai material laisan aktifnya, seperti silikon, galium arsenida, cadmium telurida, silikon amorf, sel-surya dye, sel-surya organik/polimer dan sel-surya hibrid organik-inorganik [4][5].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Sifat Optik dan Struktur Kristal Material Perovskite yang Disintesis dari Baterai Bekas Mobil

Bahtiar

Syifa

Nurazizah

et al. 2017

JIIF

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Abstrak. Sel-surya berbahan aktif material perovskite telah banyak menarik perhatian banyak peneliti, karena mampu menghasilkan efisiensi di atas 20%, mendekati sel-surya komersial Silikon. Namun, material timbal halida (PbI2) sebagai material utama pembentuk material perovskite CH3NH3PbI3, harganya masih cukup mahal, sehingga menjadi kendala untuk dapat digunakan sebagai material aktif sel-surya, jika sel-surya diproduksi secara massal. Diperlukan sumber material lain yang tersedia melimpah, murah dan mudah dalam pemrosesannya untuk membuat material PbI2. Sebagai alternatif, sumber material timbal untuk membuat material timbal iodida (PbI2) yang tersedia melimpah adalah baterai mobil. Material elektroda dari baterai mobil terdiri dari timbal sebagai katoda dan timbal dioksida sebagai anoda. Material-material tersebut berupa bubuk sehingga mudah untuk disintesis menjadi PbI2 melalui reaksi kimia sederhana. Keberhasilan mensintesis material PbI2 dari material bekas elektroda mobil menjadi kunci bagi pengembangan sel-surya perovskite yang berbiaya murah. Telah dilakukan sintesis PbI2 dari elektroda bekas baterai mobil melalui reaksi kimia. Hasil pengukuran EDS menunjukkan bahwa PbI2 hasil sintesis memiliki kemurnian 95% dan memiliki komposisi atomik yang lebih baik daripada produk komersial. Spektra UV-Vis dan XRD dari film PbI2 hasil sintesis memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan produk komersial, sehingga hasil sintesis ini dapat dijadikan sebagai material perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 untuk sel-surya. Material perovskite yang dispin-coating di atas lapisan titanium dioksida memperlihatkan struktur kristal perovskite. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan bahwa material elektroda baterai bekas mobil dapat dijadikan sebagai material aktif selsurya perovskite yang murah, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah baterai bekas melalui pemanfaatan timbal menjadi material perovskite yang bernilai tinggi.Kata kunci : sel-surya, perovskite, baterai bekas mobil, timbal oksida, timbal iodida Abstract. Perovskite solar cells have attracted many researchers, because it can produce efficiency above 20%, which is close to silicon commercial solar cells. However, lead halide (PbI 2 ) material as the main material for perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , is still quite expensive, making it an obstacle to be used as an active solar cell material for massal production. Other abundance available sources of material, cheap and easy to be processed into PbI2 are highly required. Alternatively, the available and abundance source of lead material for making the lead iodide (PbI2) is the waste of car battery. The electrode of the car battery consists of lead (Pb) as cathode and lead dioxide (PbO2) as anode. Theese materials are powders that are easy to synthesize into PbI2 through simple chemical reactions. The successful synthesis of PbI2 from used car electrodes is a key for development of low-cost perovskite solar cells. PbI2 from the electrode car battery was succesfully synthesized through a simple chemical reaction. EDS measurements show that sy...

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Progress in solar PV technology: Research and achievement

Cited by 601 publications

References 89 publications

The contribution of dust to performance degradation of PV modules in a temperate climate zone

The contribution of dust to performance degradation of PV modules in a temperate climate zone

A carbon-nanotubes counter electrode for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

Sifat Optik dan Struktur Kristal Material Perovskite yang Disintesis dari Baterai Bekas Mobil

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