Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions

Shang, Yu Feng; Shen, Yi; Zhang, Meng Chen; Lv, Min Chao; Wang, Tong Ying; Chen, Xue Qun; Lin, Jun

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, although it is documented that a chronic sialocele can theoretically become secondarily infected (13), subjectively infection is clinically rare and to the authors'knowledge has never been reported in the literature. The dearth of infected sialocele reports may be due to the antimicrobial and immune properties of saliva (32)(33)(34). Salivary glands have resident B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, enabling them to be an integral part of both the innate and adaptive immune response (32,33) in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dearth of infected sialocele reports may be due to the antimicrobial and immune properties of saliva (32)(33)(34). Salivary glands have resident B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, enabling them to be an integral part of both the innate and adaptive immune response (32,33) in the oral cavity. Furthermore, salivary peroxidases, most notably lactoperoxidase, can generate hypothiocyanous acid, which has direct oxidative antimicrobial effects (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report: Sepsis secondary to infected protracted parotid sialocele after maxillofacial oncologic surgery in a dog

Goldschmidt,

Anderson,

Evenhuis

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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An 8-year-old male intact mixed breed dog was treated for a 3.7×3×3.6 cm grade 1 multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) arising from the dorsal aspect of the right coronoid process with a coronoidectomy, a zygomectomy, and a caudal maxillectomy. Ten months later, the dog presented for a swelling near the right angular process, which was presumed to be a locoregional recurrence. Blood work and initial staging tests (abdominal ultrasound) had mild abnormalities of no clinical concern/significance. The dog was hospitalized with a plan for computed tomographic (CT) scan of skull and chest the following day. Overnight, the swelling rapidly increased, and the dog became laterally recumbent, febrile, and hypotensive. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoglycemia, elevated lactate, and elevated band neutrophils with moderate toxicity, most consistent with sepsis. The dog was stabilized with fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) antibiotics, IV dextrose, and pressor support. Once stabilized, a contrast CT scan was performed, which revealed evidence of an infected parotid gland sialocele. To our knowledge, this is the first veterinary case that describes sepsis secondary to an infected protracted parotid sialocele.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Sepsis secondary to infected protracted parotid sialocele after maxillofacial oncologic surgery in a dog

Goldschmidt,

Anderson,

Evenhuis

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Indeed, this may reflect the presence/activation of steroidogenic enzymes, or sulfatase enzyme, which converts the sulfated form of DHEA (DHEAS) into DHEA ( 14 ). Conversely, despite saliva flow rate varies during the day and it is affected by stimuli related to feeding ( 35 ), the salivary concentration of HC and other unconjugated steroids is not affected by saliva flow rates, and it is the result of passive diffusion of free steroids, HC in particular, across the acinar cells of the salivary gland ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures

Giaretta¹,

Mongillo²,

Dalt³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The hypothalamus-pituitary–adrenal axis response to a challenge was proposed for genetic selection of robust and resilient animals. As ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) test and hormone measurements in blood may result impractical, it may be useful to measure salivary hormones in response to natural stressors, after an accurate biological validation, to control factors that could contribute to the response. We evaluated whether animal handling during performance test affects salivary HC and DHEA secretion and could be used for selection. We tested the effects of habituation to repeated handling and THI as putative bias. Bull calves (N = 273) undergoing performance test were sampled at 8–9 and 11–13 months (N = 101), 8–9 months (N = 131), or 11–13 months (N = 41). On each test day (D0), calves were isolated, conducted to a squeeze chute and immobilized for 6 min. Saliva samples were collected in the morning after feed administration (T0), and after 6 min immobilization in the squeeze chute (T1) for HC and DHEA measurement. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were recorded every hour from 1:00 h to 24:00 h during the 6 days before the performance test and on D0. Salivary HC and DHEA concentrations were higher in T1 (p < 0.01), although a clear individual positive response to handling could be observed in less than 10% of subjects. The mixed model revealed: (i) HC and HC/DHEA were higher in Young bulls (p < 0.05). (ii) The time of T0 sample collection significantly affected DHEA (p < 0.01) and HC/DHEA (p < 0.05). (iii) THI affected both steroids (p < 0.001) but not HC/DHEA. Spearman correlations suggested that THI weakly affected salivary HC at T0 only (ρ = 0.150, p < 0.01), while moderate statistically significant correlations were found between DHEA and THI at T0 (ρ = 0.316, p < 0.001), and T1 (ρ = 0.353, p < 0.001). Salivary HC and DHEA in response to handling procedures might identify subpopulations of subjects with sensitive HPA axis. Habituation to repeated handling played a role, as the hormone response was lower in older animals. Chronic exposure to high THI had a minor effect on salivary HC visible at T0. A more intense THI effect was observed on salivary DHEA concentrations at both T0 and T1, which should be worth of further investigations.

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“…Salivary glands have wide range of functions. For example, salivary glands play a pivotal role in immunity, endocrine and salivary secretion 13) . Furthermore, salivary glands condition contributes to the overall quality of life 14) .…”

Section: Two-generation Exposure To a High-fat Diet Alters Duct Cell ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-generation Exposure to a High-fat Diet Alters Duct Cell Morphology and Induces Connexin 32 and 43 Expression in Rat Submandibular Salivary Glands

Ahmad,

Saranya,

Takashi

2024

J. Stomatol.Soc.,Jpn.

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Introduction：The consumption of a high fat diet (HFD)during pregnancy can adversely affect offspring development. Excess weight resulting for overconsumption of energy is associated with increased risk of cancer, morbidity, and mortality. In this study we examined the effects of HFD consumption during pregnancy and lactation in two generation on the duct cell morphology and the expression of connexin 32(Cx32)and connexin 43(Cx43)in the submandibular gland(SMG) . Materials and Methods：Six pregnant 11 week old Wistar rats were assigned to the standard diet(SD) or HFD groups(n＝3/group) . Rats in the SD group were fed a SD, whereas those in the HFD group received an HFD from day 7 of pregnancy throughout the lactation period. Male offspring in both SD and HFD groups were divided into four groups：weaning SD (WSD；3 week old) , weaning HFD (WHFD；3 week old) , adult SD(ASD；9 week old) , and adult HFD(AHFD；9 week old) . Results：The findings demonstrated that the duct cell nuclei were more aligned in adult rats than those in weaned rats. Duct nuclei size was significantly affected by age in the SD group. In contrast, the HFD fed groups had similar nuclei sizes. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Cx32 and Cx43 were expressed in the ductal cells. Conclusions：The consumption of a HFD during pregnancy and lactation periods appears to affect duct cell morphology in weaned and adult offspring. The expression of Cx32 was significantly lower in the AHFD group compared to weaned groups；however, the expression of Cx43 was increased with HFD although insignificant.

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Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions

Cited by 6 publications

References 152 publications

Case report: Sepsis secondary to infected protracted parotid sialocele after maxillofacial oncologic surgery in a dog

Case report: Sepsis secondary to infected protracted parotid sialocele after maxillofacial oncologic surgery in a dog

Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures

Two-generation Exposure to a High-fat Diet Alters Duct Cell Morphology and Induces Connexin 32 and 43 Expression in Rat Submandibular Salivary Glands

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