Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism

Souffrant, W. B.; Metges, C. C.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-520-8

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Coordination of the metabolism of adipose tissue is an essential part of a successful lactation (Khan et al, 2013) and helps support the overall efficiency of milk production. Several classic studies have outlined the basic metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to lactation, and specifically aspects of lipogenesis, esterification, and lipolysis (Mcnamara, 1989;Mcnamara, 1994;Vernon et al, 2003). For instance, it is known that cows with high genetic merit for milk production have increased sensitivity of lipolysis partly due to greater responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimulation and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (Mcnamara, 1989;Martin-Hidalgo et al, 1994;Mcnamara, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation1

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Ketosis is a major metabolic disorder of high-yielding dairy cows during the transition period. Although metabolic adaptations of the adipose tissue are critical for a successful transition, beyond lipolysis, alterations within adipose tissue during ketosis are not well known. The objective of this study was to investigate the adipose tissue proteome of healthy or ketotic postpartum cows to gain insights into biological adaptations that may contribute to disease outcomes. Adipose tissue biopsy was collected on 5 healthy and 5 ketotic cows at 17 (±4) d postpartum and ketosis was defined according to the clinical symptoms and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Morphology micrographs stained by hematoxylin–eosin showed that adipocytes were smaller in ketotic cows than in healthy cows. The isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification was applied to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins (DEP) in the adipose tissue. We identified a total of 924 proteins, 81 of which were differentially expressed between ketotic and healthy cows (P < 0.05 and fold changes >1.5 or <0.67). These DEP included enzymes and proteins associated with various carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism processes. The top pathways differing between ketosis and control cows were glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glucagon signaling pathway, cysteine and methionine metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and the cGMP–PKG signaling pathway. The identified DEP were further validated by western blot and co-immunoprecipitation assay. Key enzymes associated with carbohydrate metabolism such as pyruvate kinase 2, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit α), lactate dehydrogenase A , phosphoglucomutase 1, and 6-phosphofructokinase 1 were upregulated in ketotic cows. The expression and phosphorylation state of critical regulators of lipolysis such as perilipin-1 and hormone-sensitive lipase were also upregulated in ketotic cows. Furthermore, key proteins involved in maintaining innate immune response such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein and regakine-1 were downregulated in ketotic cows. Overall, data indicate that ketotic cows during the transition period have altered carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and impaired immune function in the adipose tissue. This proteomics analysis in adipose tissue of ketotic cows identified several pathways and proteins that are components of the adaptation to ketosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation1

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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“…2, the results indicate that the response in growth performance (ADG, ADFI, and G: F) of 30-to 50-kg pigs to the antibiotic was not different at the same SID Trp:Lys ratio, and there was no interaction between the antibiotic and Trp:Lys ratios, indicating that dietary antibiotic inclusion did not impact the SID Trp:Lys ratio. In contrast, Becker et al (1955) demonstrated that the Trp requirement of lighter pigs (BW: 14.52 to 32.34 kg) than used in the current experiments was higher when they were fed diets without antibiotics compared with antibiotic-supplemented diets, whereas Bikker and Dirkzwager (2003) and Bikker et al (2007) reported that the withdrawal of antibiotics increased the EAA requirements and the optimum dietary SID Thr:Lys ratio for maximum growth performance in growing-finishing pigs. The main reasons for the different results may be due to use of in-feed antibiotics (the particular antibiotic chosen and its dosage), animal health, and physical stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Previous studies have reported that the absolute Trp or essential amino acid (EAA) requirements of the pigs were higher when pigs were fed diets without an antibiotic compared with antibiotic-fortified diets (Becker et al, 1955;Bikker and Dirkzwager, 2003;Bikker et al, 2007). However, evaluation of the dietary Trp:Lys ratio in pigs supplemented with and without an antibiotic is basically nonexistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic inclusion in the diet did not alter the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio for growing pigs1,2

Lindemann

Quant

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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Two 21-d experiments were conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio for growing pigs; 1 experiment fed diets supplemented with or without an antibiotic. The primary response variables in both experiments were ADG, ADFI, G:F, and plasma urea N (PUN) concentrations with the optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio detected using broken-line analysis. Experiment 1 evaluated the optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio in growing pigs fed diets supplemented with an antibiotic. This experiment used 120 crossbred pigs that were blocked by sex and initial BW (24.13 ± 2.72 kg) and allotted to 6 SID Trp:Lys ratios in 4 replicates. Dietary treatments were formulated by the addition of crystalline Trp to create 6 SID Trp:Lys ratios (13.08%, 14.06%, 15.04%, 17.00%, 18.95%, and 20.91%) with a constant SID Lys level of 0.655%. As SID Trp:Lys ratios increased, ADG, ADFI, and G:F increased, and PUN concentrations decreased linearly ( < 0.05) and quadratically ( < 0.05). Linear broken-line analysis yielded optimum SID Trp:Lys ratios of 17.93% ( < 0.001) and 16.17% ( = 0.009) for ADG and PUN, respectively, resulting in a mean optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio of 17.05%. Experiment 2 evaluated the optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio in growing pigs fed diets supplemented with or without an antibiotic. It used a total of 324 crossbred pigs (initial BW: 30.81 ± 3.56 kg) that were allotted to 6 SID Trp:Lys ratios in 6 replicates. Dietary treatments were formulated by the addition of crystalline Trp to create 6 SID Trp:Lys ratios (12.52%, 14.86%, 17.20%, 19.54%, 21.88%, and 24.22%) with a constant SID Lys level of 0.67%. As SID Trp:Lys ratios increased, ADG, ADFI, and G:F increased, and PUN concentrations decreased linearly ( < 0.001) and quadratically ( < 0.001) regardless of antibiotic inclusion. There were no differences by the antibiotic treatment in ADG, ADFI, G:F, or PUN concentrations ( > 0.49) and no interactions between antibiotics and Trp:Lys ratios ( > 0.29). When the data for all pigs were pooled for the various Trp:Lys ratios, the optimum SID Trp:Lys ratios for ADG and PUN based on linear broken-line analysis were 14.58% ( < 0.001) and 14.54% ( < 0.001), respectively, resulting in an optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio of 14.56% as the mean of the determined optima for ADG and PUN responses. These results demonstrate that the optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio for 30- to 50-kg growing pigs is not impacted by the dietary inclusion of an antibiotic as long as the diets are formulated on an SID AA basis.

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Lysine requirement for maintenance in growing pigs

Ringel

Susenbeth

2009

Livestock Science

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Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation1

Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation1

Antibiotic inclusion in the diet did not alter the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio for growing pigs1,2

Lysine requirement for maintenance in growing pigs

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