Progress in microemulsion characterization

Acharya, Durga P.; Hartley, Patrick G.

doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2012.07.002

Cited by 134 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…[11][12][13][14][15] The formation of MEs involves a combination of three to five components, such as surfactant, water, oil, and a cosurfactant if necessary. 16,17 The orientation for oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) depends on the surfactant and oil physicochemical properties, on the relation between surfactant/cosurfactant proportions, as well as water/oil proportions. 18,19 Lately, the search for bioactive compounds has increased, and according to the literature the adsorption of extracts and molecules with lipophilic nature or lipids, as well as vegetable oils, can be enhanced when combined to nanocarriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion of Brazil nut oil as a natural product to improve superoxide release in human phagocytes

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a Brazil nut oil microemulsion system and determine the effect of this microemulsion on the superoxide release in human phagocytes. The microemulsion was formulated using distilled water, Brazil nut as the oily phase, Sorbitan monooleate, Polysorbate 80, and butan-1-ol. Hydrophile-lipophile balance of Brazil nut oil was determined, pseudoternary diagrams were prepared, and microemulsion diagram regions were preselected. Preliminary and accelerated stability tests, rheological characterization and dynamic light scattering were performed. The immunomodulatory effect of the microemulsion on the interactions with leukocytes was determined by superoxide release. The developed formulations were classified as oil-in-water, showed a Newtonian profile, with linear viscosity and droplet sizes of 46.9; 66.5 and 34.3 nm. When we assessed the interaction of the microemulsion of Brazil nut oil with phagocytes, we observed an increase in superoxide release. Our findings indicate that the developed formulation improved the immunomodulatory activity of the Brazil nut oil, proving to be a natural product option for future applications, in particular for infectious diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion of Brazil nut oil as a natural product to improve superoxide release in human phagocytes

et al. 2017

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“…These include electron microscopy based on cryogenic and freeze-fracture preparation, scattering techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance, spectroscopy methods, rheology, and conductivity. 4 In this paper, the mean hydrodynamic diameter ( ) of the discontinuous water-chlorobenzene ME was calculated by light scattering measurements which are based on refractive index gradients. We used the equation:…”

Section: Microemulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsification: An Approach for Analytical Determinations

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT:We address a novel method for analytical determinations that combines simplicity, rapidity, low consumption of chemicals, and portability with high analytical performance taking into account parameters such as precision, linearity, robustness, and accuracy. This approach relies on the effect of the analyte content over the Gibbs free energy of dispersions, affecting the thermodynamic stabilization of emulsions or Winsor systems to form microemulsions (MEs). Such phenomenon was expressed by the minimum volume fraction of amphiphile required to form (Φ ME ), which was the analytical signal of the method. Thus, the measurements can be taken by visually monitoring the transition of the dispersions from cloudy to transparent during the microemulsification, like a titration. It bypasses the employment of electric energy. The performed studies were: phase behavior, droplet dimension by dynamic light scattering, analytical curve, and robustness tests. The reliability of the method was evaluated by determining water in ethanol fuels and monoethylene glycol in complex samples of liquefied natural gas. The dispersions w f w − h z (w y ) w − ( hy y analysis) with ethanol as the hydrotrope phase. The mean hydrodynamic diameter values for the nanostructures in the droplet-based w − h z M w h f h f fication were conducted by adding ethanol to w − (W−O) x w h h f h k h Φ ME measurements were performed in a thermostatic water bath at 23 °C by direct observation that is based on the visual analyses of the media. The experiments to determine water demonstrated that the analytical performance depends on the composition of ME. It shows flexibility in the developed method. The linear range was fairly broad with limits of linearity up to 70.00% water in ethanol. For monoethylene glycol in water, in turn, the linear range was observed throughout the volume fraction of analyte. The best limits of detection were 0.32% v/v water to ethanol and 0.30% v/v monoethylene glycol to water. Furthermore, the accuracy was highly satisfactory. The natural gas samples provided by the Petrobras exhibited color, particulate material, high ionic strength, and diverse compounds as metals, carboxylic acids, and anions. These samples had a conductivity of up to 26 μ -1 ; the cond v y f hy y w y μ -1 . Despite such downsides, the method allowed accurate measures bypassing steps such as extraction, preconcentration, and dilution of the sample. In addition, the levels of robustness were promising. This parameter was evaluated by investigating the effect of (i) deviations in volumetric preparation of the dispersions and (ii) changes in temperature over the analyte contents recorded by the method.nalytical platforms for rapid tests are part of an important current research field that aims to perform in situ measurements, especially experiments such as urinalysis, food safety analysis, immunoassays, veterinary diagnostics, biothreats, drug abuse analysis, and environmental monitoring, in the developing world. Such technology is attractive because it is ...

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“…Characterization of microemulsions necessarily begins with the elucidation of the phase behavior, where, in the most simple form, oil, water, and surfactant are mixed in different molar ratios, and the formed phases are tracked [3]. A generic phase diagram resulting from such analysis is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Phase Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, the formation of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions or water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions is determined by the molar ratio of the components. Adapted from Archarya et al [3].…”

Section: Phase Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%