Progress in magnetic Fe₃O₄nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

At present, high-sensitivity, high-penetration-depth, and accurate tissue resolution clinical imaging effect are required, while computer transverse scanning, microwave imaging, and fluorescence imaging (FL) cannot meet the requirements of clinical imaging, but the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can meet the requirements of clinical dissecting details. The effect of MRI imaging is closely related to the contrast agent (CA). As an important type of CA, Fe3O4 and its analogues have been widely concerned because of their low toxicity and relatively low price. In this review, we summarize the development and improvement of CAs based on Fe3O4 and its analogues from T 2 imaging mode and development limitation in the initial single modulus imaging mode, to T 1 imaging mode overcoming the limitations of T 2 imaging and the limitations of its own in application, to the later development of dual modulus imaging form, and to the current multi-modulus imaging form. Simultaneously, we demonstrate the research progress, preparation methods, and future trends based on Fe3O4 and its analogues CAs for MRI, the current application status is preliminarily summarized, and the future development trend is prospected.

Magnetic Composites of Dextrin-Based Carbonate Nanosponges and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Potential Application in Targeted Drug Delivery

“…When the particle size of magnetite is smaller than 20 nm, it exhibits superparamagnetic behaviour, with high magnetic susceptibility [ 16 ]. In recent years, magnetite nanoparticles have been used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], as well as in clinical trials for thermotherapy of tumours, as they can generate heat upon external application of an alternating magnetic field [ 20 , 21 ]. In addition, several drug shuttles based on magnetite nanoparticles have been obtained either by functionalising the surface of the nanoparticles with organic molecules—able to form complexes or conjugates with drugs [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]—or by coating the nanoparticles with layers of macromolecules on which drugs can be adsorbed [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Universal Chelator-Free Radiolabeling of Organic and Inorganic-Based Nanocarriers with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Isotopes for Internal Radiotherapy

“…For example, the radioactive Au NPs can be combined with local photothermal therapy (PTT) . The radiolabeled Fe 3 O 4 NPs can be simultaneously considered as a contrast agent in MRI imaging, which was demonstrated in the recent studies. , The PLA or SiO 2 NPs are biodegradable and can be additionally loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs. , …”

LAPONITE® nanodisk-“decorated” Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a biocompatible nano-hybrid with ultrafast magnetic hyperthermia and MRI contrast agent ability

“…[2][3][4] This interest is mainly due to the growing This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2022 exploration of new magnetic properties for their use in applied magnetism and related device technologies as well as their utilization in commercially available future emerging technologies. [5][6][7] Amongst the various magnetic materials, the ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is the most extensively studied material in the field of biomedicine, 6,[8][9][10][11][12] involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [13][14][15][16][17][18] magnetic hyperthermia, [19][20][21][22][23][24] drug delivery [25][26][27][28] and biomolecular separation. 9,29 Magnetite has been involved in clinical use for many decades, demonstrating its safety, utility and versatility and is among the few, if not the only, nanomaterials that are FDA approved for in vivo applications.…”

“…Amongst the various magnetic materials, the ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is the most extensively studied material in the field of biomedicine, 6,8–12 involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 13–18 magnetic hyperthermia, 19–24 drug delivery 25–28 and biomolecular separation. 9,29 Magnetite has been involved in clinical use for many decades, demonstrating its safety, utility and versatility and is among the few, if not the only, nanomaterials that are FDA approved for in vivo applications.…”