Progress in Diamanes and Diamanoids Nanosystems for Emerging Technologies

Abstract

New materials are the backbone of their technology-driven modern civilization and at present carbon nanostructures are the leading candidates that have attracted huge research activities. Diamanes and diamanoids are the new nanoallotropes of sp 3 hybridized carbon which can be fabricated by proper functionalization, substitution, and via Birch reduction under controlled pressure using graphitic system as a precursor. These nanoallotropes exhibit outstanding electrical, thermal, optical, vibrational, and mechanical properties, which can be an asset for new technologies, especially for quantum devices, photonics, and space technologies. Moreover, the features like wide bandgap, tunable thermal conductivity, excellent thermal insulation, etc. make diamanes and diamanoids ideal candidates for nano-electrical devices, nano-resonators, optical waveguides, and the next generation thermal management systems. In this review, diamanes and diamanoids are discussed in detail in terms of its historical prospect, method of synthesis, structural features, broad properties, and cutting-edge applications. Additionally, the prospects of diamanes and diamanoids for new applications are carefully discussed. This review aims to provide a critical update with important ideas for a new generation of quantum devices based on diamanes and diamanoids which are going to be an important topic in the future of carbon nanotechnology.

Prospects of nano-carbons as emerging catalysts for enzyme-mimetic applications

“…The performance of nano-carbons towards mimicking the activity of natural enzymes has been affected by various factors: temperature, pH, elemental composition, heteroatom enrichment, textural properties (pore size, pore-volume, and pore size distribution), morphological changes, edge defects. [57][58][59][60] The diversity of carbon source, synthetic conditions, and routes lead to the structural/morphological assortment and multiplicity of nano-carbons.…”

First-Principles Study on the Nanofriction Properties of Diamane: The Thinnest Diamond Film

“…Carbon (C) can form different kinds of nanostructures, from fullerene to nanotubes to graphene, which are milestones in the development of nanomaterials and have attracted immense research activities [ 1 , 2 ]. Recently, diamane, the thinnest sp 3 -hybridized diamond film, has attracted much attention due to its outstanding electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties inherited from graphene and diamond [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. In 2009, Chernozatonskii et al, for the first time, theoretically predicted the diamane properties based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which opens a band gap and exhibits higher stiffness compared to graphene.…”

“…Very recently, H-diamane and F-diamane were prepared experimentally by different research groups [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In H-diamane (F-diamane), two C atoms of two subatomic lattices with H (F) atoms form a layered unit, while the other non-attached C atoms form a covalent bond to the sub-lattices of other C atoms of neighboring graphene, thereby leading to the formation of a new carbon system [ 4 ].…”

“…As the thinnest diamond film, diamane exhibits excellent physical and chemical characteristics. DFT calculations have revealed that diamane has a better band gap than graphene, and this band gap can be further tuned over a wide range by using doping [ 15 ], an external electrical field [ 4 ], and surface functionalization [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 16 , 17 ]. Cheng et al showed that diamane has lower effective masses of conduction electrons than those in bulk diamond, making it an alternative material for electronic applications [ 18 ].…”

Carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications: current status, promises, and challenges

“…Various structure can be molded from carbon nanomaterials such as nanowires, 2D films, and a range of 3D structures. Carbon-based nanomaterials comprise fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives such as nanodiamonds [ 2 ], graphene oxide, and carbon-based quantum dots [ 3 , 4 ]. In 1991, Iijima discovered carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which captivated the interest of many people due to their outstanding electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties and is considered as most distinctive invention [ 5 , 6 ] in nanotechnology.…”