Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Duan, Jian J.; Bauer, Leah S.; Driesche, Roy G. Van; Gould, Juli R.

doi:10.3390/f9030142

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, Ash (Fraxinus spp.) (family: Oleaceae) was discovered in the United States (21). The seeds, bark, leaves, and fruits of the genus Fraxinus have been greatly consumed in folk medicine against a multiple of diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

E4An Ultrastructural Study by Transmission Electron Microscope of Exocrine Pancreatic Cells in Diabetic Rats Treated with Herbal Combination

Hadi¹

2019

Baghdad Sci.J

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The current study was designed to investigate the alterations in the ultrastructure of orgenelles and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic acini of experimentally induced-diabetic rats and to assess the usefulness of herbal combination supplementation in improving the ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreas. The number of albino male rats used were 24 which divided into equally 4 groups; group I: control group, group II: alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan 120 mg/kg for 3 days), group III: herbal combination treatment composed from the extracts of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum), black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds, rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale), leaves of olive (Olea europeae), and seeds of ash (Fraxinus ssp). Each rat given 2.5 ml (0.5 ml from each five mixed plant extracts used) for 2 months. group IV: diabetes was induced as group II and treated with herbal combination as group III for 2 months. The processing for investigating by transmission electron microscopy were carried out for all pancreata taken from all groups. There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in mean of FBG levels in diabetic rats treated with herbal combination (group IV) as compared to diabetic control and could revert FBG to normal value compared to negative control The results of examination of semithin and ultrathin sections in diabetic rats revealed many degenerative changes in the exocrine pancreatic tissue in comparison to control group. These degenerative changes can be summarized as disturbances in the arrangement of pancreatic acinar cells and decreased secretory granules in addition to the vacuolation of cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei were observed in semithin sections. Moreover, degenerated nuclei, vacuolation of cytoplasm, fragmentation of rough endoplasm reticulum and degranulation of the most pancreatic acinar cells were noticed in ultrathin sections. In contrast, the acinar cells of group administrated with herbal combination only had normal ultrastructure, cellular activity, and nuclei, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum with abundant zymogen granules. Also, most of the acinar cells retrieved their normal ultrastructure and cellular activity in diabetic group treated with herbal combination and herbal combination could decrease most of the degenerative changes caused by alloxan-induced diabetes. In conclusion, the daily supplementation with this herbal combination to diabetic rat for 2 months could achieving promising effects due to its cytoprotective influence and showed the ability to decreased degenerative damage in the ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic acini in type 2 diabetic rats.

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confidence: 99%

E4An Ultrastructural Study by Transmission Electron Microscope of Exocrine Pancreatic Cells in Diabetic Rats Treated with Herbal Combination

Hadi¹

2019

Baghdad Sci.J

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“…These observed differences in southeastern Michigan by 2015 may be explained by the high prevalence of T. planipennisi in the release plots compared to the control plots, and O. agrili had not spread beyond the release plots. In central Michigan, however, differences in ash growth between release to the control plots were not found because both T. planipennisi and O. agrili had spread throughout the area by 2012 [26,32,34,41]. Perhaps the best evidence for positive biocontrol effects in our study is that fewer large trees died between 2012 and 2015 in release plots compared to control plots in both central and southeastern Michigan.…”

Section: Ash Diameter and Healthmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Releases of S. galinae began in Michigan and several other states in 2015. Although the reproduction and spread of S. galinae has been documented in Michigan and several other northern states [26], it is too early to confirm sustained establishment. In other regions of North America where early EAB parasitoid-release and recovery data are available, the establishment and spread of T. planipennisi and O. agrili, and recoveries of S. galinae, are also documented [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In North America, the mortality rates of EAB caused by native insect natural enemies are relatively low compared to those attacking native species of Agrilus and EAB in Asia [20][21][22][23]. Consequently, EAB became a candidate for management using classical biological control-the importation and introduction of specialized natural enemies from the pest's native range with the goal of permanent control [24][25][26]. In northeast China, researchers found three specialized hymenopteran parasitoids attacking EAB: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), a larval endoparasitoid; Spathius agrili Yang (Braconidae), a larval ectoparasitoid; and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid [21,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To conserve native Fraxinus species, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) began an EAB biocontrol program in which approved EAB parasitoids are provided to researchers and land managers for release in EAB-infested areas of North America [30]. These cooperators are currently introducing the EAB biocontrol agents in most states and provinces invaded by EAB [26] with all parasitoid release and recovery data maintained in a geospatial database for long-term monitoring [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol on Ash Health and Recovery in Southern Michigan

Kashian

Bauer

Spei

et al. 2018

Forests

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Emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle that kills native North American ash species, threatening their persistence. A classical biological control program for EAB was initiated in 2007 with the release of three specialized EAB parasitoids. Monitoring changes in the health and regeneration of ash where EAB biocontrol agents have been released is critical for assessing the success of EAB biocontrol and predicting future changes to the ash component of North American forests. We sampled release and control plots across southern Michigan over a three-year period to measure ash health and recruitment to begin assessing the long-term impact of EAB biological control on ash populations. We noted a reduced mortality of larger trees between 2012 and 2015 in release plots compared to control plots and increases in ash diameter, but our results were otherwise inconsistent. Ash regeneration was generally higher in release plots compared to control plots but highly variable among sites, suggesting some protection of ash saplings from EAB by parasitoids. We conclude that EAB biocontrol is likely to have a positive effect on ash populations, but that the study duration was not long enough to definitively deduce the long-term success of the biocontrol program in this region.

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Biological invasion threatens keystone species indelibly entwined with Indigenous cultures

Siegert

McCullough

Luther

et al. 2023

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), the most highly preferred and vulnerable host of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in North America, is of cultural and spiritual importance to many Tribal Nations in the US and First Nations in Canada. To date, EAB has invaded nearly 60% of the native range of black ash, with annual spread averaging approximately 50 km per year. On the basis of the predicted expansion of EAB distribution, we estimate that more than 75% of black ash basal area will be lost across 87% of the species’ North American range by 2035. Census data indicate that 98% of Indigenous people currently residing within the geographic range of black ash in the US will be within the area experiencing more than 75% basal area loss by 2035, suggesting broad and multidimensional impacts of EAB invasion for those who value black ash as a cultural keystone species. Collaborative efforts among scientists, resource managers, and Indigenous experts are needed to mitigate EAB impacts and preserve or protect black ash resources, given the species’ vulnerability to EAB and its associated cultural and ecological value.

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Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Cited by 69 publications

References 73 publications

E4An Ultrastructural Study by Transmission Electron Microscope of Exocrine Pancreatic Cells in Diabetic Rats Treated with Herbal Combination

E4An Ultrastructural Study by Transmission Electron Microscope of Exocrine Pancreatic Cells in Diabetic Rats Treated with Herbal Combination

Potential Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol on Ash Health and Recovery in Southern Michigan

Biological invasion threatens keystone species indelibly entwined with Indigenous cultures

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