Programming the assembly of gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets using DNA

Abstract

We present a new method to program the covalent binding of gold nanoparticles onto graphene oxide sheets. The binding selectivity is driven by the synergy of chemically modified oligonucleotides, grafted onto the surfaces of nanoparticles and graphene oxide. In the presence of a templating complementary DNA strand, nanoparticles are brought near the surface of the graphene oxide. Once in close proximity, the DNA strands are ligated to create a permanent link between the nanoparticles and graphene oxide, ensuring stability of the system even during DNA melting conditions. Due to the selectivity and specificity of DNA, a second layer of gold nanoparticles of different size can be grafted on the top of the first layer of particles. The simplicity of this new method allows for its universal applicability when the formation of highly programmable, covalently linked hybrid nanoparticle-graphene oxide structures is a necessity.

Chemically modified nucleic acids and DNA intercalators as tools for nanoparticle assembly

“…plasmonic, fluorescent or magnetic) can be independently controlled within nanostructures and therefore the collective properties of nanostructures can be tuned by manipulation of the interparticle distances. The production of reconfigurable nanoparticle assemblies via DNA catenanes and rotaxanes with well-defined spatial orientation, represents a promising 94 Gold nanoparticle one-dimensional chain assemblies 95 Upconversion aggregate assemblies 96 Gold nanoparticle-biomolecules conjugate assemblies 97 Click chemistry DNA modifications (SPAAC) Gold nanoparticle dimer assemblies 99,100,102 Gold nanoparticle assemblies on graphene oxide nanosheets 101 Gold nanoparticle dimer, trimer, cross-shaped and chain assemblies on DNA origami frames 104 Vinyl DNA modifications Gold nanoparticle dimer, trimer, and tetramer assemblies 116 Gold and Silver nanoparticle three-dimensional superlattice assemblies 117 Gold nanoparticle two-dimensional assemblies 118 Polystyrene nanoparticle surface assemblies 120 Psoralen derivatives Gold nanoparticle wire assemblies on DNA template 129 Gold nanoparticle dimer, trimer, and tetramer assemblies 131,132 Gold nanoparticle three-dimensional superlattice assemblies 133 Iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies on DNA template 130 Azobenzene derivatives Gold nanoparticle dimer assemblies 152 Gold nanorod dimer assemblies on DNA reconfigurable templates 149 Gold nanoparticle trimer assemblies on DNA tetrahedra nanostructures 144 Gold nanoparticle assemblies on three-dimensional DNA nanotubes 153 Gold nanoparticle aggregate assemblies 145 Gold nanoparticle three-dimensional superlattice assemblies 154 Lipid unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) aggregate assemblies 150 Mechanically interlocked DNA nanostructures DNA rotaxanes Gold nanoparticles assembled on DNA ring and DNA axle 177 Gold nanoparticles assembled on DNA origami ring and DNA origami axle 172 DNA catenanes Gold nanoparticles assembled on three DNA interlocked rings (various configurations) 178,…”

“…Using the same strategy, 13 nm gold nanoparticles functionalised with a discrete number of DIBO-modified oligonucleotides were assembled onto the surface of a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet. 101 The GO nanosheets were modified with a layer of covalently bound ssDNA functionalised with a terminal azide. After the addition of a templating splint strand, the gold nanoparticles and the GO sheets were assembled via three-strand hybridisation.…”

Graphene oxide and gold nanoparticle based dual platform with short DNA probe for the PCR free DNA biosensing using surface-enhanced Raman scattering

“…The characteristic UV spectrum of GO exhibited a major peak at 232 nm, corresponding to the plasmonic π→π* transitions (C C bonds) (Fig. S1b) (Heuer-Jungemann et al 2015). The as prepared AuNP solution was burgundy red in color and reflected an absorption band at 520 nm in the visible spectrum (Fig.…”

DNA Assembly‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Systems

“…Through additional DNA strands, or even a series of DNA reactions, such as strand-displacement reactions (SDR), catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reactions, and hybridization chain reactions (HCR), [48] the precise regulation of DNA assembly-based systems can be realized. For example, DNA strand can be used as a "catalyst" for the "click reaction" to realize the ligation and assembly of DNAmodified nanomaterials, [49,50] and SDR can be used as a tool to regulate DNA assembly [51] or enzymatic biocatalytic cascades, [52] which plays a great role in nanofabrication of DNA architectures.…”