Programming of glucose-insulin metabolism in adult sheep after maternal undernutrition

Gardner, David; Tingey, K.; Bon, Bregje W.M. van; Ozanne, Susan E.; Wilson, Victoria; Dandrea, J; Keisler, D.H.; Stephenson, Terence; Symonds, Michael

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00120.2005

Cited by 207 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

166

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They do, however, show catch-up growth during the early postnatal period and thus restore their fat content to the same amount as offspring born to normally-fed mothers by 1 month of age. By 1 year of age they have an increased fat mass and are more likely to become glucose intolerant (52) , which is similar to the epidemiological findings from historical cohorts (50) . A discrepancy between reduced fetal fat mass and increased juvenile adiposity in these offspring exposed to late gestational nutrient restriction suggests that a switch in fat growth during the early postnatal period is an important window in which later fat mass is set (21) .…”

Section: Postnatal Development Of White Adipose Tissuesupporting

confidence: 81%

Session on ‘Obesity’ Adipose tissue development, nutrition in early life and its impact on later obesity

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is now apparent that one key factor determining the current obesity epidemic within the developed world is the extent to which adipose tissue growth and function can be reset in early life. Adipose tissue can be either brown or white, with brown fat being characterised as possessing a unique uncoupling protein (uncoupling protein 1) that enables the rapid generation of heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. In large mammals this function is recruited at approximately the time of birth, after which brown fat is lost, not normally reappearing again throughout the life cycle. The origin and developmental regulation of brown fat in large mammals is therefore very different from that of small mammals in which brown fat is retained throughout the life cycle and may have the same origin as muscle cells. In contrast, white adipose tissue increases in mass after birth, paralleled by a rise in glucocorticoid action and macrophage accumulation. This process can be reset by changes in the maternal nutritional environment, with the magnitude of response being further determined by the timing at which such a challenge is imposed. Importantly, the long-term response within white adipocytes can occur in the absence of any change in total fat mass. The present review therefore emphasises the need to further understand the developmental regulation of the function of fat through the life cycle in order to optimise appropriate and sustainable intervention strategies necessary not only to prevent obesity in the first place but also to reverse excess fat mass in obese individuals. Pregnancy: Growth: Metabolism: Uncoupling proteinsObesity is of immense importance, affecting almost all organ systems, and is a risk factor for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular mortality and renal disease. Ultimately, obesity is associated with an increased relative risk of mortality (1) . Whilst not all obese adults were overweight children, being overweight in childhood is a good predictor of excess fat mass as an adult (2) . Indeed, recent data have demonstrated a 16-fold increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in overweight adolescents compared with their normal-weight peers (3) . Furthermore, the adverse effects of early obesity appear to be exacerbated in those individuals previously exposed to a suboptimal nutritional environment in utero (4) . The understanding of the impact of early-life events on later susceptibility to obesity needs to include the pronounced changes in adipocyte lineage that commence in utero at critical stages of development. This information needs to be combined with a full appreciation of the substantial differences between the species used in animal investigations of obesity, to inform knowledge not only of fat distribution but also of how the interaction between diet and energy status can vary. Adipocyte regulation in early lifeThere are at least two key factors in early life that are critical in determining adipose tissue function in the Abbreviations: PRDM, PR-domain-containing; TLR4, toll-like ...

show abstract

Section: Postnatal Development Of White Adipose Tissuesupporting

confidence: 81%

Session on ‘Obesity’ Adipose tissue development, nutrition in early life and its impact on later obesity

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the consequences of undernutrition of ewes with single and twin foetuses were tested using the intravenous glucose tolerance test in their progeny at 1 year of age. It was found that glucoseinsulin homeostasis is indeed affected by undernutrition of the dams, but is independent of foetus number, despite the fact that BWTs of lambs born as singletons and twins differed (Gardner et al, 2005).…”

Section: Maternal Overnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Litter-size-dependent intrauterine growth restriction in sheep

Gootwine

Spencer

Bazer

2007

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regulation of foetal development in sheep depends on interactions between the intrinsic capacity of the foetus for growth and the maternal environment. Lambs born in multi-foetus litters have relatively small placentae with fewer cotelydons, and lower birth weights. Litter-size-dependent intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is evident at mid gestation when metabolic needs of the conceptus are moderate, and overnutrition of ewes with multiple foetuses does not promote growth of their foetuses to the size of singletons. Those observations suggest that placental and conceptus growth in multi-foetus pregnancies is reprogrammed at mid gestation by an as yet undefined mechanism to attenuate foetal growth. This may protect the foetus from severe nutritional insult during late gestation, when its daily growth rate is at a maximum. In that way, lambs born in large litters with relatively lower birth weights may not experience the long-term physiological insults that can be observed in small lambs born to undernourished ewes.

show abstract

“…Despite the differences between the lactating and non-lactating metabolic states, main effects of parity on insulin-dependent glucose metabolism were non-significant. This may seem surprising, since studies conducted in sheep have demonstrated that impaired prenatal energy supply affects insulin secretion and insulin responsiveness in their lambs (Gardner et al, 2005;Owens et al, 2007;Todd et al, 2009). However, some important differences should be considered when comparing these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decrease in insulin responsiveness in human infants has been reported as an early precedent of clinical diabetes (Martin et al, 1992). On the other hand, studies conducted in sheep (Gardner et al, 2005;Owens et al, 2007;Todd et al, 2009) and rats (Stocker et al, 2005) suggest that the metabolic consequences of malnutrition in utero may remain latent at a younger age and emerge around or after puberty. The absence of a dam effect on the outcome variables in the neonates does not exclude effects on the longer term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parity and periconceptional metabolic state of Holstein–Friesian dams on the glucose metabolism and conformation in their newborn calves

Bossaert

Fransén

Langbeen

et al. 2014

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolic state of pregnant mammals influences the offspring's development and risk of metabolic disease in postnatal life. The metabolic state in a lactating dairy cow differs immensely from that in a non-lactating heifer around the time of conception, but consequences for their calves are poorly understood. The hypothesis of this study was that differences in metabolic state between non-lactating heifers and lactating cows during early pregnancy would affect insulin-dependent glucose metabolism and development in their neonatal calves. Using a mixed linear model, concentrations of glucose, IGF-I and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were compared between 13 non-lactating heifers and 16 high-yielding dairy cows in repeated blood samples obtained during the 1st month after successful insemination. Calves born from these dams were weighed and measured at birth, and subjected to intravenous glucose and insulin challenges between 7 and 14 days of age. Eight estimators of insulin-dependent glucose metabolism were determined: glucose and insulin peak concentration, area under the curve and elimination rate after glucose challenge, glucose reduction rate after insulin challenge, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Effects of dam parity and calf sex on the metabolic and developmental traits were analysed in a two-way ANOVA. Compared with heifers, cows displayed lower glucose and IGF-I and higher NEFA concentrations during the 1st month after conception. However, these differences did not affect developmental traits and glucose homeostasis in their calves: birth weight, withers height, heart girth, and responses to glucose and insulin challenges in the calves were unaffected by their dam's parity. In conclusion, differences in the metabolic state of heifers and cows during early gestation under field conditions could not be related to their offspring's development and glucose homeostasis.

show abstract

Programming of glucose-insulin metabolism in adult sheep after maternal undernutrition

Abstract: Symonds. Programming of glucose-insulin metabolism in adult sheep after maternal undernutrition.

Cited by 207 publications

References 41 publications

Session on ‘Obesity’ Adipose tissue development, nutrition in early life and its impact on later obesity

Session on ‘Obesity’ Adipose tissue development, nutrition in early life and its impact on later obesity

Litter-size-dependent intrauterine growth restriction in sheep

Effects of parity and periconceptional metabolic state of Holstein–Friesian dams on the glucose metabolism and conformation in their newborn calves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About