Programmed cell death and stem cell differentiation are responsible for midgut replacement in Heliothis virescens during prepupal instar

Tettamanti, Gianluca; Grimaldi, Annalisa; Casartelli, Morena; Ambrosetti, Elena; Ponti, Benedetta; Congiu, Terenzio; Ferrarese, Roberto; Rivas-Pena, Maria Luisa; Pennacchio, Francesco; Eguileor, Magda de

doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0449-8

Cited by 96 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In order to fill this gap, we have recently studied the midgut replacement process during the larval-pupal transition in mature (5 th instar) larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, trying to shed some light on the occurring cell death mechanisms. 4 Our findings demonstrate that the proliferation of regenerative stem cells is responsible for the formation of a new midgut epithelium, while the destruction of the larval midgut epithelium is accomplished by the combined action of apoptosis, as already reported by Parthasarathy and Palli, 5 and autophagy.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Lepidopteran Larval Midgut During Prepupal Instar: Digestion or Self-Digestion?

Tettamanti¹,

Grimaldi²,

Pennacchio³

et al. 2007

Autophagy

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Lepidopteran Larval Midgut During Prepupal Instar: Digestion or Self-Digestion?

Tettamanti¹,

Grimaldi²,

Pennacchio³

et al. 2007

Autophagy

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“…The presence of TUNEL-positive cells, and cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and pycnotic nuclei within the intrapapillary lumen may also be indicative of the occurrence of cell death (Kerr et al, 1972;Souza et al, 2007). In the insect gut, both apoptotic and necrotic cell death have been observed (Rost, 2006;Tettamanti et al, 2007;Rost-Roszkowska, 2008a, 2008bFialho et al, 2009;Park et al, 2009), while in some species necrosis accompanies apoptosis (Rost-Roszkowska, 2008b). Cytoplasmic vacuolization is strong evidence of cell necrosis, which is followed by cell rupture and discharge of the contents into the gut lumen (Rost-Roskowska, 2008b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytoplasmic vacuolization is strong evidence of cell necrosis, which is followed by cell rupture and discharge of the contents into the gut lumen (Rost-Roskowska, 2008b). On the other hand, apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, followed by the discharge of apoptotic bodies into the gut lumen (Rost, 2006;Tettamanti et al, 2007;Rost-Roskowska, 2008b). Thus, chromatic bodies would not be rectal pads precursors, but fragments of dead, likely apoptotic, cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postembryonic Development of Rectal Pads in Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Santos

Neves

Zanúncio

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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The morphology and development of the digestive tract of insects has been extensively studied, but little attention has been given to the development of the rectal pads. These organs are responsible for absorption of water and salts. In insects where they occur, there are usually six ovoid rectal pads located in the medial-anterior portion of the rectum. The rectal pad has three types of cells: principal, basal, and junctional. The arrangement of these three cell types delimits an intrapapillary lumen. The aim of the current study is to describe the development of the rectal pads during postembryonic development of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides and Melipona scutellaris. Specimens were analyzed at the following developmental stages: white-, pink-, brown-, and black-eyed pupae, and adult workers. The development of the rectal pad begins as a thickening of the epithelium in white-eyed pupae at 54 hr. At this stage, there is neither a basal cell layer nor intrapapillary lumen. The basal layers begin to form in the pink-eyed pupa and are completely formed at the end of the development of the brown-eyed pupa. In the brown-eyed pupal stage, the intrapapillary lumen is formed and the junctional cells are positioned and completely differentiated. Necrotic and apoptotic cell death were detected along with cell proliferation in the whole rectum during pupal development, suggesting that the development of the rectal pads involves cell proliferation, death, and differentiation. The rectal pads originate only from the ectoderm. Anat Rec, 292:1602Rec, 292: -1611Rec, 292: , 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Loeb et al (2000) have demonstrated that apoptosis is probably a normal method for biological disposal of older differentiated midgut cells of Lepidoptera larvae (Heliothis virescens) and that when midgut cell cultures are exposed to adverse environments, such as poisonous media, down-regulation of cell populations is induced by apoptosis. Nevertheless, programmed cell death and autophagy are natural and intense processes during larval development of lepidoptera (Tettamanti et al, 2007), which were considered during data treatment and analysis. Differences in apoptotic levels found in the larvae were not due to variability between larval stages nor the interaction between larval stages and sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of heavy metals and their effects on the midgut cells of a phytopaghous insect inhabiting volcanic environments

Rodrigues¹,

Cunha²,

Amaral³

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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Organisms living in volcanic environments are chronically exposed to metals, either as particles or associated with gases, from volcanic emissions, being therefore potential sentinels of the effects derived from such exposure. Concentrations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, Rb, and Zn were measured in soil, grass (Lolium perenne), and larvae of Pseudaletia uninpuncta captured in sites exposed and non-exposed to volcanic activity. The midgut epithelial cell morphometry and apoptosis of P. unipuncta larvae were also analyzed. Larvae from the site with volcanic activity showed higher levels of Cu, Mn, Rb and Zn. Metals such as Pb, Cd and Mg levels of P. unipuncta larvae were similar between sites. Apoptosis was higher in cells from digestive epithelium of larvae exposed to volcanic activity. Soils and grass not exposed to volcanic activity showed higher levels for most of the analyzed elements with the exception of Rb. Such result when compared with metal levels of larvae may reveal that bioavailability of elements differs between sites. The higher levels of Cd, Zn and Mg in soils and grass from the site with no volcanic activity are probably related to the severe artificial fertilization in the studied pastures. Such result, when compared with metal levels of larvae, suggest that the bioavailability of metals differs between sites. IntroductionIn São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal) volcanic activity is manifested, among other ways, by the occurrence of hydrothermal vents, and soil degassing (Cruz, 2003;Ferreira et al., 2005). Consequently, organisms living in such environment may be continually exposed to metals, either as particles or associated with gases (Hansell et al., 2006). The association between changes in the digestive epithelium and the occurrence of apoptosis under chronic metal and metalloid exposure, originated by volcanic activity, has been previously found in terrestrial (e.g., earthworms, and snails) and marine invertebrates (e.g., limpets) (Amaral and Rodrigues, 2005;Zaldibar et al., 2006;Cunha et al., 2008). Thus, it is important to look for organisms that can be used as biological indicators or sentinels for the presence of those pollutants under such conditions, and in which one can rapidly measure several biomarkers of exposure and/or effects. The relationship between the accumulation of metals and their biomagnification in edible plants, insects, such as Lepidoptera larvae, and higher consumers, such as predators, has been shown in recent studies (Vickerman and Trumble, 2003;Dauwe et al., 2004;Mulder and Breure, 2006). Such studies indicate the important role of insects as links in metal transport

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Programmed cell death and stem cell differentiation are responsible for midgut replacement in Heliothis virescens during prepupal instar

Cited by 96 publications

References 61 publications

Lepidopteran Larval Midgut During Prepupal Instar: Digestion or Self-Digestion?

Lepidopteran Larval Midgut During Prepupal Instar: Digestion or Self-Digestion?

Postembryonic Development of Rectal Pads in Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Bioavailability of heavy metals and their effects on the midgut cells of a phytopaghous insect inhabiting volcanic environments

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