Lepidopteran Larval Midgut During Prepupal Instar: Digestion or Self-Digestion?

Tettamanti, Gianluca; Grimaldi, Annalisa; Pennacchio, Francesco; Eguileor, Magda de

doi:10.4161/auto.4908

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Lepidoptera, apoptosis has been suggested to be involved in cell death of various larval organs during metamorphosis [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], but solid experimental evidence for the intervention of autophagy is lacking; furthermore, the relationship between these two processes in insect tissues and organs undergoing cell death is still cryptic [15,18,[20][21][22][23][24]. For these reasons, the current literature is basically fragmentary and confusing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In particular, a plethora of different settings has been described and many questions remain to be answered. For example, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic nuclei and caspase activation have been detected in silk gland [33,35], fat body [19,21], midgut [12,13,34] and other organs [20,[36][37][38][39] where autophagy could play a role in their degradation. Nuclear condensation and DNA cleavage, which have been described in B. mori silk gland [33,40], represent two puzzling elements in autophagymediated cell death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Autophagy precedes apoptosis during the remodeling of silkworm larval midgut

et al. 2011

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Although several features of apoptosis and autophagy have been reported in the larval organs of Lepidoptera during metamorphosis, solid experimental evidence for autophagy is still lacking. Moreover, the role of the two processes and the nature of their relationship are still cryptic. In this study, we perform a cellular, biochemical and molecular analysis of the degeneration process that occurs in the larval midgut of Bombyx mori during larval-adult transformation, with the aim to analyze autophagy and apoptosis in cells that die under physiological conditions. We demonstrate that larval midgut degradation is due to the concerted action of the two mechanisms, which occur at different times and have different functions. Autophagy is activated from the wandering stage and reaches a high level of activity during the spinning and prepupal stages, as demonstrated by specific autophagic markers. Our data show that the process of autophagy can recycle molecules from the degenerating cells and supply nutrients to the animal during the non-feeding period. Apoptosis intervenes later. In fact, although genes encoding caspases are transcribed at the end of the larval period, the activity of these proteases is not appreciable until the second day of spinning and apoptotic features are observable from prepupal phase. The abundance of apoptotic features during the pupal phase, when the majority of the cells die, indicates that apoptosis is actually responsible for cell death and for the disappearance of larval midgut cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Autophagy precedes apoptosis during the remodeling of silkworm larval midgut

et al. 2011

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“…175 This prosurvival pathway of autophagy would therefore provide metabolic support to the developing organism, which is without an external nutrient source for several days during the pupal period. 179 Among the others, two fundamental, yet unresolved, issues need further investigation in Lepidoptera. First, the identification of autophagic process in the midgut of some lepidopteran species analyzed to date is missing but this shortage of evidence might be simply related to the difficulty of detecting autophagy without appropriate methods of analysis.…”

Section: Arthropod Midgut As a Model To Study The Outcomes Of Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy and its physiological relevance in arthropods: Current knowledge and perspectives

Malagoli¹,

Abdalla²,

Cao³

et al. 2010

Autophagy

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“…Thus, we have analyzed the occurrence of apoptosis and autophagy, two PCD processes normally responsible for the discharge of the old larval midgut epithelium in unparasitized H. virescens larvae, as previously reported (Tettamanti et al 2007b). We have detected both apoptotic (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of T Nigriceps Parasitization On Midgut Cellsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Toxoneuron nigriceps parasitization delays midgut replacement in fifth-instar Heliothis virescens larvae

Tettamanti

Grimaldi

Pennacchio³

et al. 2008

Cell Tissue Res

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We have analyzed the effects of Toxoneuron nigriceps parasitization on the midgut development of its host Heliothis virescens. In parasitized H. virescens larvae, the midgut epithelium undergoes a complete replacement, which is qualitatively not different to that observed in synchronous unparasitized larvae, with similar temporal profiles of cell death and metabolic activity. However, the whole gut replacement process is significantly delayed in parasitized larvae, with complete differentiation of the new gut epithelium being observed 4 days later than in unparasitized controls. The administration of juvenile hormone before commitment and of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) after commitment delays and fosters, respectively, the replacement process of the midgut epithelium; moreover, the injection of 20E into developmentally arrested and 20E-deficient host last-instar larvae parasitized by T. nigriceps immediately triggers regular gut development. These hormone-based experiments suggest that endocrine alterations in the larval host, induced by T. nigriceps parasitism, are responsible for the temporal alterations in the gut replacement process. The role of this parasitoid-induced developmental change in the host regulation process is discussed.

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Lepidopteran Larval Midgut During Prepupal Instar: Digestion or Self-Digestion?

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Autophagy precedes apoptosis during the remodeling of silkworm larval midgut

Autophagy precedes apoptosis during the remodeling of silkworm larval midgut

Autophagy and its physiological relevance in arthropods: Current knowledge and perspectives

Toxoneuron nigriceps parasitization delays midgut replacement in fifth-instar Heliothis virescens larvae

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