Programmable and robust static topological solitons in mechanical metamaterials

Zhang, Yafei; Li, Bo; Zheng, Quanshui; Genin, Guy M.; Chen, Chang

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13546-y

Cited by 89 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, the nonlinearity is not the only condition for achieving asymmetric deformation of the material or to realize mechanical nonreciprocity. Nonetheless, concurrently achieving nonlinearity and microstructural asymmetries promotes the mechanical nonreciprocity 7 , 8 , 10 , 45 – 47 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical nonreciprocity has been recently introduced to photonics, optical diodes, and insulators to give nonreciprocal transmissions of light fields 1 – 5 . In addition, nonreciprocity has been introduced to realize mechanical systems with topological characteristics, e.g., nonreciprocal waves 6 , static nonreciprocity 7 , 10 , and nonreciprocal edge states 8 . In many occasions, the nonreciprocity was achieved using nonlinear systems, which disobey the reciprocity laws, e.g., Lorentz reciprocity law 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonreciprocal elasticity and the realization of static and dynamic nonreciprocity

Shaat¹

2020

Sci Rep

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The realization of the mechanical nonreciprocity requires breaking either the time-reversal symmetry or the material deformation symmetry. The time-reversal asymmetry was the commonly adopted approach to realize dynamic nonreciprocity. However, a static nonreciprocity requires—with no any other option—breaking the material deformation symmetry. By virtue of the Maxwell–Betti reciprocal theorem, the achievement of the static nonreciprocity seems to be conditional by the use of a nonlinear material. Here, we further investigate this and demonstrate a novel “nonreciprocal elasticity” concept. We investigated the conditions of the attainment of effective static nonreciprocity. We revealed that the realization of static nonreciprocity requires breaking the material deformation symmetry under the same kinematical and kinetical conditions, which can be achieved only and only if the material exhibits a nonreciprocal elasticity. By means of experimental and topological mechanics, we demonstrate that the realization of static nonreciprocity requires nonreciprocal elasticity no matter what the material is linear or nonlinear. We experimentally demonstrated linear and nonlinear metamaterials with nonreciprocal elasticities. The developed metamaterials were used to demonstrate that nonreciprocal elasticity is essential to realize static nonreciprocal-topological systems. The nonreciprocal elasticity developed here will open new venues of the design of metamaterials that can effectively break the material deformation symmetry and achieve, both, static and dynamic nonreciprocity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonreciprocal elasticity and the realization of static and dynamic nonreciprocity

Shaat¹

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Phononic crystals and elastic wave metamaterials are artificial structures which are arranged periodically and have received lots of attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . These new kinds of structures have many extraordinary properties, e.g.…”

Section: Active Control On Topological Immunity Of Elastic Wave Metammentioning

confidence: 99%

Active control on topological immunity of elastic wave metamaterials

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The topology concept in the condensed physics and acoustics is introduced into the elastic wave metamaterial plate, which can show the topological property of the flexural wave. The elastic wave metamaterial plate consists of the hexagonal array which is connected by the piezoelectric shunting circuits. The Dirac point is found by adjusting the size of the unit cell and numerical simulations are illustrated to show the topological immunity. Then the closing and breaking of the Dirac point can be generated by the negative capacitance circuits. These investigations denote that the topological immunity can be achieved for flexural wave in mechanical metamaterial plate. The experiments with the active control action are finally carried out to support the numerical design.

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“…For instance, Coulais et al (2018) investigated size effects in cellular metamaterials under inhomogeneous loadings. Zhang et al (2019) studied the size-dependence of soliton number and wavelength in metamaterials. Dunn and Wheel (2020) investigated the size effects in 3D metamaterials under bending and torsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental full-field analysis of size effects in miniaturized cellular elastomeric metamaterials

et al. 2020

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Cellular elastomeric metamaterials are interesting for various applications, e.g. soft robotics, as they may exhibit multiple microstructural pattern transformations, each with its characteristic mechanical behavior. Numerical literature studies revealed that pattern formation is restricted in (thick) boundary layers causing significant mechanical size effects. This paper aims to experimentally validate these findings on miniaturized specimens, relevant for real applications, and to investigate the effect of increased geometrical and material imperfections resulting from specimen miniaturization. To this end, miniaturized cellular metamaterial specimens are manufactured with different scale ratios, subjected to in-situ micro-compression tests combined with digital image correlation yielding full-field kinematics, and compared to complementary numerical simulations. The specimens global behavior agrees well with the numerical predictions, in terms of pre-buckling stiffness, buckling strain and post-buckling stress. Their local behavior, i.e. pattern transformation and boundary layer formation, is also consistent between experiments and simulations. Comparison of these results with idealized numerical studies from literature reveals the influence of the boundary conditions in real cellular metamaterial applications, e.g. lateral confinement, on the mechanical response in terms of size effects and boundary layer formation.

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Programmable and robust static topological solitons in mechanical metamaterials

Cited by 89 publications

References 43 publications

Nonreciprocal elasticity and the realization of static and dynamic nonreciprocity

Nonreciprocal elasticity and the realization of static and dynamic nonreciprocity

Active control on topological immunity of elastic wave metamaterials

Experimental full-field analysis of size effects in miniaturized cellular elastomeric metamaterials

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