Prognostic Value of Serum Levels of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and Interleukin-6 in Pediatric Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Park, Seong‐Hyun; Hwang, Sung-Kyoo

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.234

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…NSE is also present in small amounts in erythrocytes, platelets, and plasma, which explains its lower physiological levels 15 . At present, NSE is widely used as a judgment indicator for the severity of brain tissue damage 1,2 . Besides, it is overexpressed in tumors associated with the origin of neuroendocrine tissues, particularly SCLC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The establishment of neuron-specific enolase reference interval for the healthy population in southwest China

Miao

Cai

Gao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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To investigate and establish a reference interval (RI) of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in southwest China's healthy population by using the laboratory information system database. A total of 86957 periodic health examination individuals of the medical examination center in West China Hospital from 2016 to 2018 were included in the study. We used the Box-Cox conversion combined with the Tukey method to normalize the data and eliminate the outliers, and the normal distribution method and the nonparametric method to estimate the 95% distribution RI. The NSE 95% distribution RI we established in healthy populations in southwest china through normal distribution and nonparametric method were 0-19.64 ng/ml and 0-20.46 ng/ml, respectively. The obtained RIs verification conformed to the standard and was significantly different from the reagent instruction(P < 0.05). The RI established by the nonparametric method was superior to the Ri of the normal distribution method and reagent instruction(P < 0.05). We initially established an NSE RI that was suitable for the healthy southwest China population. The Box-Cox conversion combined with the Tukey method and nonparametric method is a reliable and straightforward indirect method for reference interval acquisition, which is suitable for the promotion and application of clinical laboratory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an acidic protease unique to neurons and neuroendocrine cells. It is a sensitive indicator for assessing the severity of nerve cell damage and prognosis 1,2 . It is also specific markers for tumors such as neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 3,4 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The establishment of neuron-specific enolase reference interval for the healthy population in southwest China

Miao

Cai

Gao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…S100β is a small calcium binding protein expressed mainly in astrocytes and certain neuronal cell types and is the most frequently explored biomarker for TBI diagnosis ( Babcock et al, 2012 ; Bouvier et al, 2012 ; Castellani et al, 2009 ; Hallén et al, 2010 ; Manzano et al, 2016 ; Pickering et al, 2008 ) and prognosis ( Babcock et al, 2013 ; Park et al, 2018 ; Park and Hwang, 2018 ; Piazza et al, 2007 ; Spinella et al, 2003 ; Žurek and Fedora, 2012 ) in pediatric clinical studies ( Table 1 ). Serial serum sampling in clinical studies showed that S100β elevates and declines quickly following TBI and is present for a short time in serum with a half-life of an hour to a day ( Park et al, 2018 ; Thelin et al, 2017b ; Žurek and Fedora, 2012 ).…”

Section: Translatable Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For prognostic purposes, many pediatric studies investigated the peak or temporal profile of S100β concentration following TBI to determine the severity of injury and/or predict short- or long-term outcomes of TBI ( Babcock et al, 2013 ; Berger and Kochanek, 2006 ; Park et al, 2018 ; Park and Hwang, 2018 ; Piazza et al, 2007 ; Spinella et al, 2003 ; Žurek and Fedora, 2012 ) ( Table 1 ). The results of these studies are sometimes conflicting, with some showing correlation between S100β levels early after TBI (within a day) ( Berger and Kochanek, 2006 ; Spinella et al, 2003 ; Žurek and Fedora, 2012 ) or 1-week post-TBI ( Park et al, 2018 ; Park and Hwang, 2018 ) and the long-term TBI outcomes while others did not find any correlation especially in the presence of extracranial injury ( Babcock et al, 2013 ; Piazza et al, 2007 ). The conflicting results may be explained by the fact that S100β is not a brain specific marker.…”

Section: Translatable Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward development of clinically translatable diagnostic and prognostic metrics of traumatic brain injury using animal models: A review and a look forward

Hajiaghamemar

Seidi

Oeur

et al. 2019

Experimental Neurology

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Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of cognitive and behavioral deficits in children in the US each year. There is an increasing interest in both clinical and pre-clinical studies to discover biomarkers to accurately diagnose traumatic brain injury (TBI), predict its outcomes, and monitor its progression especially in the developing brain. In humans, the heterogeneity of TBI in terms of clinical presentation, injury causation, and mechanism has contributed to the many challenges associated with finding unifying diagnosis, treatment, and management practices. In addition, findings from adult human research may have little application to pediatric TBI, as age and maturation levels affect the injury biomechanics and neurophysiological consequences of injury. Animal models of TBI are vital to address the variability and heterogeneity of TBI seen in human by isolating the causation and mechanism of injury in reproducible manner. However, a gap between the pre-clinical findings and clinical applications remains in TBI research today. To take a step toward bridging this gap, we reviewed several potential TBI tools such as biofluid biomarkers, electroencephalography (EEG), actigraphy, eye responses, and balance that have been explored in both clinical and pre-clinical studies and have shown potential diagnostic, prognostic, or monitoring utility for TBI. Each of these tools measures specific deficits following TBI, is easily accessible, non/minimally invasive, and is potentially highly translatable between animals and human outcomes because they involve effort-independent and non-verbal tasks. Especially conspicuous is the fact that these biomarkers and techniques can be tailored for infants and toddlers. However, translation of preclinical outcomes to clinical applications of these tools necessitates addressing several challenges. Among the challenges are the heterogeneity of clinical TBI, age dependency of some of the biomarkers, different brain structure, life span, and possible variation between temporal profiles of biomarkers in human and animals. Conducting parallel clinical and pre-clinical research, in addition to the integration of findings across species from several pre-clinical models to generate a spectrum of TBI mechanisms and severities is a path toward overcoming some of these challenges. This effort is possible through large scale collaborative research and data sharing across multiple centers. In addition, TBI causes dynamic deficits in multiple domains, and thus, a panel of biomarkers combining these measures to consider different deficits is more promising than a single biomarker for TBI. In this review, each of these tools are presented along with the clinical and pre-clinical findings, advantages, challenges and prospects of translating the pre-clinical knowledge into the human clinical setting.

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“…The protein S100b is involved in the regulation of several cellular processes and is expressed mainly in astrocytes and released in the extracellular space in response to glutamate, serotonin, inflammatory cytokines, and β-amyloid peptides [ 34 ]. S100b has often been used as a biomarker of cellular damage in astrocytes [ 35 ]. BDNF is an important neurotrophin that regulates several aspects of neuronal development and function, such as activation of cell survival pathways and neuroplasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinin B2 Receptor Activation Prevents the Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathological Characteristics in a Transgenic Mouse Model

et al. 2020

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Background: Alzheimer’s disease is mainly characterized by remarkable neurodegeneration in brain areas related to memory formation. This progressive neurodegeneration causes cognitive impairment, changes in behavior, functional disability, and even death. Our group has demonstrated changes in the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experimental models, but there is a lack of evidence about the role of the KKS in Alzheimer’s disease. Aim: In order to answer this question, we evaluated the potential of the kinin B2 receptors (BKB2R) to modify AD characteristics, particularly memory impairment, neurodegeneration, and Aβ peptide deposition. Methods: To assess the effects of B2, we used transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice treated with B2 receptor (B2R) agonists and antagonists, and performed behavioral and biochemical tests. In addition, we performed organotypic hippocampal culture of wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) animals, where the density of cytokines, neurotrophin BDNF, activated astrocyte marker S100B, and cell death were analyzed after treatments. Results: Treatment with the B2R agonist preserved the spatial memory of transgenic mice and decreased amyloid plaque deposition. In organotypic hippocampal culture, treatment with B2R agonist decreased cell death, neuroinflammation, and S100B levels, and increased BDNF release. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the kallikrein–kinin system plays a beneficial role in Alzheimer’s disease through B2R activation. The use of B2R agonists could, therefore, be a possible therapeutic option for patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.

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Prognostic Value of Serum Levels of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and Interleukin-6 in Pediatric Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

The establishment of neuron-specific enolase reference interval for the healthy population in southwest China

The establishment of neuron-specific enolase reference interval for the healthy population in southwest China

Toward development of clinically translatable diagnostic and prognostic metrics of traumatic brain injury using animal models: A review and a look forward

Kinin B2 Receptor Activation Prevents the Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathological Characteristics in a Transgenic Mouse Model

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