The establishment of neuron-specific enolase reference interval for the healthy population in southwest China

Okunola

2023

Preprint

Background: Increasing incidence of cancers and cancer chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities makes it imperative to research compounds with neuroprotective potential that can do not impede therapy. Objective: To examine the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on methotrexate-induced changes in neurobehaviour and neurochemistry and hippocampal morphology in rats. Methods: Adult male rats were assigned into five groups of twelve animals each. Group were normal control and methotrexate control fed standard rodent chow and three groups of rats fed zinc supplemented diet at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of feed respectively. Standard and zinc supplemented diet were administered daily for 21 days. Animals in the normal control were administered intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of normal saline at 2ml/kg, while those in the methotrexate and zinc groups were administered i.p methotrexate at 20 mg/kg/day on days 19-21. On day 22, animals were exposed to behavioural paradigm (open field, Y-maze, radial arm maze, elevated plus maze and behavioural despair test). After the last behavioural test, animals were sacrificed and blood taken for the assessment of Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 10), malondialdehyde levels and total antioxidant capacity. The hippocampus was either homogenised for the assessment of dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and brain derived neurotropic factor levels or processed for histological study. Results: Dietary zinc protected against methotrexate-induced changes in weight, food intake, cognition, hippocampal histomorphology and neuron specific enolase immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Dietary zinc supplementation protects against methotrexate induced neurotoxicities by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory markers brain neurotransmitters and metabolism in rats.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary zinc protects against methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal energy metabolism

Okunola

2023

Preprint

“…One must assume that the levels of S100B or NSE possibly correlate with individual factors such as genetic variants, race, geological location, and genotype, for instance (Ben Abdesselam et al 2003 ; Liu et al 2005 ; Miao et al 2020 ). Thus, such variants must be considered for the validation of biomarkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain damage serum biomarkers induced by COVID-19 in patients from northeast Brazil

et al. 2023

Neurological symptoms have been often reported in COVID-19 disease. In the present study, we evaluated brain damage associated with the increase of serum levels of neurological biomarkers S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a population from Northeastern Brazil. Thirty-six healthy control (G1) individuals and 141 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Positive-COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of illness by the National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria, 76 patients with mild symptoms for COVID-19 and (G2) and 65 with acute respiratory conditions requiring supplemental oxygenation via intensive care unit (ICU) admission (G3). A follow-up study was conducted with 23 patients from G2 14 (D14) and 21 (D21) days after the onset of symptoms. Serum levels of NSE and S100B were measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method (ELISA). Results revealed a significant positive association between G3 patients and S100B serum expression ( p = 0.0403). The serum levels of NSE were also significantly enhanced in the G3 group compared to the control ( p < 0.0001) and G2 group ( p < 0.0001). In addition, clinical features such as symptoms and oxygenation status were not correlated with NSE or S100B serum expression. The follow-up study demonstrated a decrease over time (21 days) in NSE serum expression ( p < 0.0001). These results suggest that brain damage is followed by acute virus exposure, with no long-term effects. Future work examining COVID-19 recovery will shed light on chronic neurological damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

“…When the concentration comparison between other CKD groups is significantly different, and the results of the normal deviation test (z-test) indicate that the reference range needs to be set according to the subgroup, the corresponding upper reference limit of the subset is set. The formula for the z-test is as follows ( 13 ):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in lung cancer-related serum tumor markers in patients with chronic kidney disease and determination of upper reference limit

Miao

Cai²,

Niu³

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

Self Cite

AimsTo investigate the changes in lung cancer-related serum tumor markers in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and determine the upper reference limit for patients with different stages.MethodsIncluded inpatients diagnosed with CKD who did not receive dialysis temporarily in our hospital from March to September 2020. Changes in serum CA125, HE4, CYFRA21-1, SCCA, NSE and ProGRP in CKD patients were analyzed. The non-parametric method was used to estimate the upper reference limit of the above indicators in patients with CKD stages 2-5.ResultsThe serum levels of HE4, CYFRA21-1, SCCA, and ProGRP in the CKD group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group; CA125 and NSE levels were not statistically different. The false positives of SCC, CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, and HE4 increased significantly with the CKD stage. Still, NSE and CA125 did not show a significant increasing trend. Both HE4 and ProGRP have independent upper reference limits from CKD2 to CKD5 stage, namely 220.8 pmol/l and 101.4 pg/ml in the CKD2 stage, 496.7 pmol/l and 168.63 pg/ml in CKD3 stage, 4592.4 pmol/l and 272.8 pmol/l for CKD4 stage, CKD5 stage was 4778.2 pmol/l and 491.6 pmol/l.ConclusionThis study preliminarily determined the upper reference limits of Lung cancer-related tumor markers in patients with different CKD stages and provided laboratory support for the rational use and interpretation of Lung cancer-related tumor markers in special populations.