Prognostic value of p53 protein expression in giant cell tumor of bone

Abstract

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign tumor with a tendency for local recurrence. GCTB may cause lung metastases, and secondary malignant GCTB is rare. Its histological appearance does not predict local aggressiveness and/or the metastatic potential of the tumor. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferative index and p53 protein expression in GCTB in predicting local recurrence, lung metastasis, and malignant transformation. We retrospectively reviewed 42 cases of GCTB. The p53 expression was positive in 20 cases. We used 10% as a cut-off value for p53 expression. In 10 cases, there were local recurrences. Lung metastases were found in three cases and malignant transformation was found in one case with classical GCTB located in the sacrum three years following diagnosis. The Ki-67 index was higher in cases with recurrence, but this difference was not statistically significant. Of the recurrent cases, two had no p53 staining while eight had moderate-to-strong staining. The staining was usually weakly positive in the non-recurrent cases. In conclusion, we believe that p53 may be used as a marker for the biological behavior of GCTB.

Secondary Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Is It a Fate?

“…The p53 mutation impairs the ability of the cell to sense and repair DNA defects. Different studies have pointed to positive immunostaining of p53 in the sarcomatous transformation of GCTOB in contrast to benign tumors (4,9,23,24), as we also observed in this study. Okubo et al, studied 43 cases of GCTOB and found mutations or LOH of p53 in all three cases with the secondary malignant transformation, which also showed p53 overexpression.…”

“…However, less than 20% of the conventional cases revealed non-synonymous p53 mutations, none of which showed p53 overexpression. Some others have emphasized on the prognostic value of p53 (23,24). Findings show that recurrent cases express p53 more frequently than non-recurrent ones (23) suggesting that p53 may play a role in predicting biologic behavior of GCTOB.…”

Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Expression in Multinucleated Giant Cells of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: do They Proliferate?

“…P21 WAF1 is an important effector of the cell cycle control functions of p53 [ 39 ]. Before us, p53 expression had been noticed only incidentally in one publication [ 40 ]. Here, we detected p53 in the majority of GC nuclei using 2 different antibody clones (DO7 and BP53–12 respectively) to give, for the first time, clear evidence that GCs upregulate this important “guardian” of the genome.…”

1H NMR metabolomic signatures related to giant cell tumor of the bone

“…50 Also, a strong positivity of the p53 protein in immunohistochemistry has been observed in recurrent malignant tumors. 51 Meanwhile the over-expression of p63 was observed in stromal cells, suggesting its relation with oncogenesis through different mechanisms. 52 The p53 protein and its family members directly inuence various metabolic pathways, enabling the response of the cells to metabolic stress.…”