Purpose
To evaluate candidate FDG-PET/CT imaging biomarkers for head and neck chemoradiotherapy outcomes in the cooperative group trial setting.
Methods
RTOG 0522 patients consenting to a secondary FDG-PET/CT sub-study were serially imaged at baseline and 8 weeks following radiation. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUV peak (mean SUV within a 1 cm sphere centered on SUVmax), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) using 40% of SUVmax as threshold were obtained from primary tumor and involved nodes.
Results
Out of 940 patients entered onto RTOG 0522, 74 were analyzable for this sub-study. Neither high baseline SUVmax nor SUVpeak from primary or nodal disease were associated with poor treatment outcomes. However, primary tumor MTV above the cohort median was associated with worse LRC (HR 4.01, 95% CI [1.28, 12.52], p = 0.02) and PFS (HR 2.34, 95% CI [1.02, 5.37], p = 0.05). Although MTV and T stage appeared to correlate (mean MTV 6.4, 13.2, 26.8 for T2, T3, and T4 tumors, respectively), MTV remained a strong independent prognostic factor for PFS in bivariate analysis that included T stage. Primary MTV remained prognostic in p16-associated oropharyngeal cancer cases, although sample size was limited.
Conclusion
High baseline primary tumor MTV was associated with worse treatment outcomes in this limited patient subset of RTOG 0522. Additional confirmatory work will be required to validate primary tumor MTV as a prognostic imaging biomarker for patient stratification in future trials.