Prognostic Significance of Extranodal Extension in Patients With Pathological Node Positive Penile Carcinoma

Graafland, Niels M.; Boven, Hester H. van; Werkhoven, Erik van; Moonen, L.; Horenblas, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.06.016

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Their data showed pelvic nodal involvement was an independent variable in multivariate analysis (P<0.001, HR=31.68). In Graafland, et al's study, the 5-year survival rate was 21% and 72% in those patients with and without metastatic pelvic nodes, respectively (P<0.001) 22 [ ] In our cohort, we observed only 1 of 8 patients with pelvic metastatic nodes remained disease free 35 months after surgery. Lont, et al presented consistent findings that 4 of 24 patients with pelvic nodal disease had survived more than 3 years .…”

Section: Ratio Of Positive Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…However, bilateral nodal involvement was presented in about 15% to 54% of all node-positive penile cancer patients in large case series 14 [ , 15,[22][23][24] . It seems that tumor with bilateral metastases may have an increased capability for migration and therefore have an adverse effect on survival.…”

Section: Number Of Metastatic Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECE was identified as an independent variable in multivariate model (P<0.001, HR=9.206) 15 [ ] . In accordance with the Indian study, Graafland, et al evaluated ECE as a prognostic factor in a large cohort of 156 node-positive patients 22 [ ] . They found the 5-year disease-specific survival for patients without and with ECE was 80% and 42% (P<0.001), respectively.…”

Section: Ratio Of Positive Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECE, rather than the laterality of LNM and number of positive lymph nodes, exhibited significant prognostic significance in multivariate analysis (P=0.012, HR=2.37). It should be noted that the higher survival for patients with ECE reported by Graafland, et al may be due to the fact that postoperative radiotherapy was often given in their patients with ECE 22 [ ] . In a recent report of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in penile cancer, ECE in residual tumor was significantly associated with shorter survival (P=0.04) 9 [ ] These evidence suggested that ECE may be one of the most valuable lymph node associated prognostic factor for survival.…”

Section: Ratio Of Positive Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymph node metastases and prognosis in penile cancer

Zhu

2012

Chin. J. Cancer Res.

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Lymph node status is a key prognostic factor in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Recently, growing evidence indicates a multimodality approach consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by consolidation surgery improves the outcome of locally advanced penile cancer. Thus, accurate estimation of survival probability in node-positive penile cancer is critical for treatment decision making, counseling of patients and follow-up scheduling. This article reviewed evolving developments in assessing the risk for cancer progression based on lymph node related variables, such as the number of metastatic lymph nodes, bilateral lymph node metastases, the ratio of positive lymph nodes, extracapsular extension of metastatic lymph nodes, pelvic lymph node metastases, metastatic deposit in sentinel lymph nodes and N stage in TNM classification. Controversial issues surrounding the prognostic value of these nodal related predictors were also discussed.

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Section: Ratio Of Positive Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Number Of Metastatic Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ratio Of Positive Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ratio Of Positive Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymph node metastases and prognosis in penile cancer

Zhu

2012

Chin. J. Cancer Res.

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“…2 In spite of very distressing presentation, most of the penile malignancy if present early is potentially curable due to the various modality of treatment options available. 3 The most important factors in determining the prognosis are the grade of a tumor, staging and the lymph node involvement. Lymph node management is always a challenging area.57% of a clinically positive node do not harbor metastasis and primarily due to secondary infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical study of nodal involvement in carcinoma penis: role of perineural and perivascular invasion in lymph node metastasis

Kumar¹,

Venkateswaran²

2018

Int Surg J

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Background: Penile malignancies constitute a major health problem in the developing countries especially the Afro Asian countries. It constitutes about 10% of all malignancy. The incidence of the penile malignancy is in decreasing trend in many parts of the world due to improved awareness about the personal hygiene. In this study special effort was made to analyze the histopathological correlation in predicting the lymph node involvement particularly the perivascular and perineural invasion of a tumor on his to pathology and its influence on the lymph node metastasis.Methods: After getting prior ethical committee clearance 42 cases of histopathologically proven cases are included in the study. Those patients included are explained about the nature of the study, investigations that are done. They have also discussed the various treatment options available in Thanjavur medical college. Proper consent in patients own language is obtained before including in the study.Results: The most common histological type found in present study was squalors type. More than 90% (93%) shows squamous variety. Verrucous carcinoma was found in two patients. One patient present with the mixed presentation.Conclusions: Tumour with high grade, high stage, and perineural and per vascular invasion is associated with more nodal metastasis. It is highly recommended to carry out nodal dissection in such types of a tumor. Screening for the early stage of the disease and addressing for the inguinal nodes for the high-risk group will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of carcinoma penis.

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