Patients with malignant CVT had a lower rSO2 on ipsilateral side of the lesion, which improved significantly after DC. Preoperative rSO2 was not correlated with the duration of hospital stay.
Purpose Plasma exchange is one of the recommended therapeutic procedures for autoimmune neurological conditions and involves removal of plasma over multiple sessions for exclusion of autoantibodies responsible for the disease process. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the concentration of plasma constituents with five cycles of alternate day therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), identify contributing factors for hypoproteinemia, and examine its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study involving patients with autoimmune neurological diseases who underwent at least five cycles of TPE in the neurointensive care unit (NICU). Data regarding plasma protein concentrations, serum electrolytes, fluid input/output before and after every TPE cycle and clinical outcomes in terms of duration of ventilation, and NICU and hospital stay were collected from the medical records over a 1-year period. Results The levels of plasma proteins (total protein, albumin and globulin) (p < 0.001), sodium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (p = 0.002) declined significantly after TPE. Difference in plasma protein levels before and after TPE did not correlate with durations of mechanical ventilation and hospital and NICU stay. Difference in total protein and globulin correlated negatively with fluid balance and positively with daily protein intake (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusion A significant decrease in plasma proteins and other plasma constituents is seen with TPE. Changes in plasma proteins are related to hemodilution and protein intake. Decrease in plasma proteins did not affect duration of hospital or NICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation.
Background: Penile malignancies constitute a major health problem in the developing countries especially the Afro Asian countries. It constitutes about 10% of all malignancy. The incidence of the penile malignancy is in decreasing trend in many parts of the world due to improved awareness about the personal hygiene. In this study special effort was made to analyze the histopathological correlation in predicting the lymph node involvement particularly the perivascular and perineural invasion of a tumor on his to pathology and its influence on the lymph node metastasis.Methods: After getting prior ethical committee clearance 42 cases of histopathologically proven cases are included in the study. Those patients included are explained about the nature of the study, investigations that are done. They have also discussed the various treatment options available in Thanjavur medical college. Proper consent in patients own language is obtained before including in the study.Results: The most common histological type found in present study was squalors type. More than 90% (93%) shows squamous variety. Verrucous carcinoma was found in two patients. One patient present with the mixed presentation.Conclusions: Tumour with high grade, high stage, and perineural and per vascular invasion is associated with more nodal metastasis. It is highly recommended to carry out nodal dissection in such types of a tumor. Screening for the early stage of the disease and addressing for the inguinal nodes for the high-risk group will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of carcinoma penis.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common of all cancers and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide, accounting for about 1.5% of all deaths. A recent study in India revealed that 1 in 28 women develop breast cancer during their lifetime. Objective was to study the incidence of receptor status in patients who underwent mastectomy for carcinoma breast in Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India.Methods: All women with carcinoma breast who had undergone a mastectomy in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital in the past 5 years and their resected specimen tested for receptor status by pathologists. Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, Her2/neu receptor by using special kits.Results: The most common type was found to be ER+ PR- Her2- and the least common was the Triple Positive type. Estrogen Receptor alone was positive in 63 patients. It was common for age groups 41-50 years and 31-40 years. Progesterone Receptor alone was positive in 17 patients. It was seen in age groups 51-60 years, 31-40 years, and 41-50 yrs. Her2 neu receptor alone was positive in 20 cases. It was most common in the age group 31-40 years (50% cases). Both ER and Her2/neu receptor were positive in 20 patients. The highest was among the age groups 41-50 years (35%) & 31-40 years (30%). All the three receptors were found to be positive in 8 cases with the highest being in the age group 41-50 years (4 cases) followed by 31-40 years (3 cases) and 51-60 years (1 case).Conclusions: The incidence of Progesterone receptor positivity was 32.5%. It was higher in postmenopausal women (36.25%) compared to premenopausal women (30%).The incidence of Her2/neu receptor positivity was found to be 32.5%. It was equally distributed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women (32.5%). The most common receptor subtype was ER+ve, PR-ve, Her2/neu-ve contributing 31.5%.
Background: Carcinoma penis is not an uncommon malignancy in rural population. The various epidemiological, clinical and pathological factors were analysed and compared with the global standards. To analyse the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of carcinoma penis and their influence on the outcome of management strategies adopted.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in government Villupuram medical college hospital Villupuram between July 2015 and July 2017 over 42 new carcinoma penis cases that were treated in the department of general surgery. Particularly about the site of origin of the lesion whether prepuce, glans, corona, or shaft.Results: The most common presenting symptom in our study was the growth. It constitutes about 71% of the cases. Ulcer and discharge are seen in 24 and 3 percent of cases respectively. Most of the cases present with multiple symptoms. Apart from these symptoms urinary disturbance and weight loss are the most common associated symptom. Pain is absent in most of the cases unless there is a superadded infection. Nodal disease as a presenting symptom is not seen in our study. But 3 patients present recurrence as nodal disease after treatment of primary.Conclusions: Screening of the high-risk age group will decrease in unnecessary delay in presentation of the disease. Educating about the personal hygiene will decrease the possible etiology of the disease. Improving the self-discipline by cessation of smoking and avoiding extramarital contact will significantly decrease the disease frequency.
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