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An attempt is made to evaluate more clearly the potential contribution of quantitative nuclear profile shape and size measurements to lymph node section histologic description in 70 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The area of nuclear profiles and five nonredundant and size-free shape indices were measured using the THECLA program on a Leitz Texture Analysis System (Leitz-TAS). Two statistical approaches were applied, known respectively as "parametric," (first statistical moments of variable distributions over samples of 200 nuclear profiles) and "nonparametric," which are percentages of nuclear profiles distributed into five "cytological" classes that are defined by shape: round (A), elongated (B), kidney shaped (C), irregular (D) and cleaved (E) nuclear profiles.Both statistical approaches provide proper overall discrimination of the eight histological categories identified with reasonable reliability by pathologists. Above all, the present report discusses the ability of a set of parametric and nonparametric variables to describe NHL cell populations, in an objective and meaningful way, according to nuclei shape. A method of synthesizing multidimensional correlations (CORICO program) is proposed in support of the discussion. Also, the specific descriptive power of each of the variables is described; in particular, it is concluded that there is a close link between the shape and size of the nuclear profiles of the cells.Key terms: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymph node sections, nuclear shape, mathematical morphology, multidimensional data analysis Histological classification of NHL is based, in accordance with the International Working Formulation (IWF) for clnical usage (151, on large or small cell size, cleaved or noncleaved nuclear shape, and the follicular or diffuse cell pattern in the lymph node; however, visual microscopic assessment of the same biopsy by different pathologists has been known to generate a divergence of views (1,7,15). Nonetheless, in their diagnosis, pathologists give consideration to criteria not specifically included in the IWF. For example, Nathwani (15) contends that the categorization of lymphomas by cell clefts initially entails assessment not just of contour irregularities, but also of nuclear content (chromatin distribution, presence, position, and size of nucleoli) (4) or cytoplasmic characteristics. Some consider the mitotic index, (13). The aim of the present study, in quantifying nuclear size and shape only, was to give a less subjective and, above all, a finer and more accurate description of the nuclear profiles and of their heterogeneity between and within cell populations.We have already developed for the Leitz-TAS image analyser a program (THECLA) to quantify the shape and area of nuclear profiles (11,12) and have established four nonredundant shape indices (ND, R1, R2, ID) having greater sensitivity and discriminatory power than the conventional form factor FF = P2J4xS, a function of area (S) and perimeter (P), or maximudminimum diameter ratios (4). Our findings re...
An attempt is made to evaluate more clearly the potential contribution of quantitative nuclear profile shape and size measurements to lymph node section histologic description in 70 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The area of nuclear profiles and five nonredundant and size-free shape indices were measured using the THECLA program on a Leitz Texture Analysis System (Leitz-TAS). Two statistical approaches were applied, known respectively as "parametric," (first statistical moments of variable distributions over samples of 200 nuclear profiles) and "nonparametric," which are percentages of nuclear profiles distributed into five "cytological" classes that are defined by shape: round (A), elongated (B), kidney shaped (C), irregular (D) and cleaved (E) nuclear profiles.Both statistical approaches provide proper overall discrimination of the eight histological categories identified with reasonable reliability by pathologists. Above all, the present report discusses the ability of a set of parametric and nonparametric variables to describe NHL cell populations, in an objective and meaningful way, according to nuclei shape. A method of synthesizing multidimensional correlations (CORICO program) is proposed in support of the discussion. Also, the specific descriptive power of each of the variables is described; in particular, it is concluded that there is a close link between the shape and size of the nuclear profiles of the cells.Key terms: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymph node sections, nuclear shape, mathematical morphology, multidimensional data analysis Histological classification of NHL is based, in accordance with the International Working Formulation (IWF) for clnical usage (151, on large or small cell size, cleaved or noncleaved nuclear shape, and the follicular or diffuse cell pattern in the lymph node; however, visual microscopic assessment of the same biopsy by different pathologists has been known to generate a divergence of views (1,7,15). Nonetheless, in their diagnosis, pathologists give consideration to criteria not specifically included in the IWF. For example, Nathwani (15) contends that the categorization of lymphomas by cell clefts initially entails assessment not just of contour irregularities, but also of nuclear content (chromatin distribution, presence, position, and size of nucleoli) (4) or cytoplasmic characteristics. Some consider the mitotic index, (13). The aim of the present study, in quantifying nuclear size and shape only, was to give a less subjective and, above all, a finer and more accurate description of the nuclear profiles and of their heterogeneity between and within cell populations.We have already developed for the Leitz-TAS image analyser a program (THECLA) to quantify the shape and area of nuclear profiles (11,12) and have established four nonredundant shape indices (ND, R1, R2, ID) having greater sensitivity and discriminatory power than the conventional form factor FF = P2J4xS, a function of area (S) and perimeter (P), or maximudminimum diameter ratios (4). Our findings re...
Only few studies devoted to quantitative analysis of tissue architecture have been performed. The analysis of neighborhood relationships between cells, using graphs and mathematical morphology (MM), constitutes one approach. We propose to analyse quantitatively the architecture of a tissue with the tools of MM on graphs. The use of graphs seems best suited to take into account the neighborhood relationships between cells, independently from their mutual distances: two cells are considered as neighbors if no interfering cell is placed in a given sense between them. Such neighboring cells are linked by an arc in a graph. On such a graph, all tools of MM may be applied. We investigate two of them in the present work: (1) the distance transforms permits to analyse the repartition of a cellular population A relative to population B, (2) the size distribution permits to analyse the tendancy of a cell population to form clusters. We have applied this method using Gabriel's graph, derived from the Voronoï diagram, to determine the “zone of influence” of a cell.We have analysed the neighborhood relationships between cells in germinal centers (GC) from lymph rodes. Twelve hyperplastic GCs from follicular hyperplasia (FH) and 5 neoplastic GCs from small cleaved cell follicular lymphoma (SCCFL) have been studied; 2 m̈m hematoxylin‐eosin plastic embedded sections have been analysed. Cell nuclei have been identified manually by the observer by giving a numerical and image color code. Gabriel's graphs have been constructed with all centrofollicular cells. Subgraphs with only lymphoïd cells, large cells or small cleaved cells have also been studied.The application of MM transformations on the graphs using software package Morphograph has allowed a quantitative description of cell distribution in the tissue. The distances of centrofollicular lymphoïd cells from the periphery of the GCs (mantle zone), from nonlymphoïd cells as macrophages located within the GCs and between large lymphoïd cells and small lymphoïd cells have been determined in FH and SCCFL. Using iterative closings and openings, we have detected aggregates of small and large cells and characterized their size and distribution in the GCs. The application of this method on lymph node biopsy has allowed a quantitative description and comparison of GCs in different pathological conditions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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