Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma in pediatric patients: a single-institution study

Abstract

The 15% mortality rate in our patients is slightly higher than that reported in developed countries. Delayed diagnosis and treatment is the main cause of avoidable deaths. Improving education of both clinicians and parents would increase survival rates in this potentially fatal disease.

Correlation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient at 3T with Prognostic Parameters of Retinoblastoma

“…[6][7][8][9][10] In this study, large tumors had lower ADC values than small tumors, but there is overlap in their ADC values. This may be attributed to large tumors commonly having more compact cells with more restricted diffusion, but they may be associated with microscopic areas of necrosis with potentially free diffusion.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10] We evaluated the potential of diffusion-weighted MR imaging to characterize retinoblastoma by determining ADC values and correlating these with traditional prognostic parameters. Distinction between poorly and well-differentiated tumors impacts both prognosis and treatment planning.…”

“…10 Bilateral retinoblastomas are aggressive tumors that are commonly associated with metastatic disease and second malignancies. 6,7 Imaging parameters with prognostic value have also been identified; for example, the degree of contrast enhancement of the anterior eye segment at MR imaging correlates with iris neovascularization, and this is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence and metastatic disease. [11][12][13] Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is a promising tool in the evaluation of head and neck malignancy 14,15 and orbital disease.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Identified pathologic and clinical prognostic parameters of retinoblastoma include degree of histologic differentiation, tumor size, laterality, invasion of the choroid, and extension into the optic nerve. [6][7][8][9] If the optic nerve is not invaded, then the mortality is less than 10%, whereas the mortality rate is 44% in postlaminar optic nerve invasion. 10 Bilateral retinoblastomas are aggressive tumors that are commonly associated with metastatic disease and second malignancies.…”

Clinical Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of Chemoreduction Combined with Topical Treatment for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma

“…Since the vast majority of infantile patients can't express for themselves, it's difficult to early detect RB. When leukocoria or strabismus, proptosis and other obvious symptoms appear, the disease often has developed into the advanced stage (Atchaneeyasakul et al, 2009). Traditional therapeutic regimens include ophthalmectomy, evisceration, external beam radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy.…”