2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.01.032
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Prognostic and Prediction Tools in Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

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Cited by 231 publications
(189 citation statements)
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References 105 publications
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“…However, the remaining cases are muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which have a worse prognosis and ultimately endanger the lives of patients (3,4). At present, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer, and no sensitive prognostic biomarker has been identified (5). Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the underlying mechanism and identify novel prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the remaining cases are muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which have a worse prognosis and ultimately endanger the lives of patients (3,4). At present, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer, and no sensitive prognostic biomarker has been identified (5). Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the underlying mechanism and identify novel prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Esquemas de estratificação de risco e um sistema de gradação simplificam a estimativa de probabilidades de recorrência e de progressão e guiam a decisão de condutas no tratamento da doença, o aconselhamento do paciente e a inclusão em estudos clínicos 6,7 . Entretanto, a maioria das decisões clínicas em casos de câncer de bexiga são feitas sem levar em conta nenhuma ferramenta de predição 8 .…”
Section: Descritoresunclassified
“…A classificação TNM permite a subdivisão do câncer de bexiga em câncer de bexiga não invasor da camada muscular (câncer de bexiga superficial, Ta ou T1), e câncer de bexiga invasor da camada muscular (T2, T3 ou T4). Porém, foi mostrado que esse sistema de estadiamento é menos preciso que modelos que utilizam diversos parâmetros clínicos pré e pós-operatórios de cada paciente, permitindo uma medicina individualizada 7 . Com o objetivo de prever as probabilidades de recorrência do câncer de bexiga superficial, a Organização Europeia para Pesquisa e Tratamento do Câncer (EORTC) desenvolveu um sistema de pontuação e tabelas de risco.…”
Section: Descritoresunclassified
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“…For several common complex diseases, including different forms of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, many prediction models have been developed in various source populations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The predictive performance of these risk models is typically assessed by evaluating discrimination.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%