Abstract:Introduction:
Prostate - specific antigen (PSA) is a useful biomarker for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and for risk classification in addition to TNM classification and Gleason score (GS). We reported the role of PSA in patients with low (< 20 ng / mL) and extremely high (≥ 100 ng / mL) PSA levels. However, it is unclear whether a correlation exists between middle range PSA levels (20 – 100 ng / mL) at diagnosis and prognosis.
Materials and Methods:
Between Januar… Show more
“…The majority of patients with high initial PSA level reflects the severity of tumor characteristics or an asymptomatic tumor for a long period of time, indicating the possibility that the patient is neglectful of his condition [10]. A high PSA level also indicates a high androgen receptor activity of prostate cancer cells [11]. Previous studies also highlighted the mortality risk of a high PSA level [12].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The differences of the findings in this study compared to previous studies may be due to the small number of samples in this study. Several studies suggested that a low TTC is due to PSA volume and PSA doubling time difference [11].…”
“…The majority of patients with high initial PSA level reflects the severity of tumor characteristics or an asymptomatic tumor for a long period of time, indicating the possibility that the patient is neglectful of his condition [10]. A high PSA level also indicates a high androgen receptor activity of prostate cancer cells [11]. Previous studies also highlighted the mortality risk of a high PSA level [12].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The differences of the findings in this study compared to previous studies may be due to the small number of samples in this study. Several studies suggested that a low TTC is due to PSA volume and PSA doubling time difference [11].…”
“…Even though this is the norm, certain patients have been noted to develop metastatic CaP at low PSAs. PSAs as low as 0.02ng/ml have been recorded in such patients and they are noted to have undifferentiated and very aggressive disease [24,25,26] Iwamoto and colleagues [27] in their study from 2000-2014 on 1873 patients had concluded that PSA is a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis at levels between 20 and 70 ng/ml. While Gleason's score is the single most important predictor of prostate cancer prognosis, the new grading system, known as the Grade Grouping System, better classifies CaP [28].…”
African men tend to present late with advanced prostate cancer (CaP) making prognosis grave despite treatment. This study was carried out to document findings in patients with metastatic prostate cancer at presentation. Seventeen (17) patients with metastatic CaP at presentation who had complete data were recruited. Peak age group was between 51 and 70 years of age with the commonest site of metastasis being bone (68.42%) and 2 patients (10.52%) having multiple sites of metastasis. The PSA range was 5.5-140 ng/ml with most patients having values above 20ng/ml and most patients were found to be within the higher prognostic grade groups. Metastatic prostate cancer is a challenge in our setting and there is need for routine screening for this disease.
“…Prostate cancer had important modifications in diagnosis, clinical management and surgical treatment in last years (8)(9)(10)(11). Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has become the standard of care and provides useful information for prostate cancer diagnosis (12).…”
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