Progesterone and the Luteal Phase

Mesen, Tolga B.; Young, Steven L.

doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2014.10.003

Cited by 118 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…An age-related decrease in egg quality is commonly considered the principal driving force for poor pregnancy success rates in aging females. Circulating progesterone is critical for embryo growth and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy [ 55 – 57 ]. In our study, oxidative stress decreased the production of progesterone, which may comprise another important factor in decreased reproductive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Moderate Oxidative Stress Decreased Ovarian Reproductive Function by Reducing Follicle Quality and Progesterone Production

et al. 2016

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Ovarian aging is a long-term and complex process associated with a decrease in follicular quantity and quality. The damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ovarian aging and ovarian aging-associated disorders have received relatively little attention. Thus, we assessed if the oxidative stress induced by long-term (defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as at least 30 days in duration) moderate ozone inhalation reduced ovarian reserves, decreased ovarian function and induced ovarian aging-associated disorders. The expression of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes was used to determine the degree of oxidative stress. Ultrastructural changes in ovarian cells were examined via electron microscopy. The ovarian reserve was assessed by measuring multiple parameters, such as the size of the primordial follicle pool and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) expression. The estrous cycle, hormone levels and fertility status were investigated to assess ovarian function. To investigate ovarian aging-associated disorders, we utilized bone density and cardiovascular ultrasonography in mice. The levels of oxidized metabolites, such as 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NTY), significantly increased in ovarian cells in response to increased oxidative stress. The ultrastructural analysis indicated that lipid droplet formation and the proportion of mitochondria with damaged membranes in granulosa cells were markedly increased in ozone-exposed mice when compared with the control group. Ozone exposure did not change the size of the primordial follicle pool or anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) expression. The estrogen concentration remained normal; however, progesterone and testosterone levels decreased. The mice exposed to ozone inhalation exhibited a substantial decrease in fertility and fecundity. No differences were revealed by the bone density or cardiovascular ultrasounds. These findings suggest that the decreased female reproductive function caused by long-term moderate oxidative damage may be due to a decrease in follicle quality and progesterone production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Moderate Oxidative Stress Decreased Ovarian Reproductive Function by Reducing Follicle Quality and Progesterone Production

et al. 2016

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“…Several lines of factors are contributing to the etiology of LPD, including the removal of large quantities of granulosa cells during the oocyte retrieval, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration for superovulation, and other superovulation regimens in stimulated IVF cycles, although the debate on this topic remains unsolved 14 . The diagnosis criterion of LPD is still confusing up to date 15 . For conservative treatment of suspected LPD patients, P is routinely recommended for luteal phase support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The high concentration of progesterone is harmful for endometrial receptivity and decidualization

Liang

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Progesterone is required for the establishment and maintenance of mammalian pregnancy and widely used for conservative treatment of luteal phase deficiency in clinics. However, there are limited solid evidences available for the optimal timing and dose of progesterone therapy, especially for the possible adverse effects on implantation and decidualization when progesterone is administrated empirically. In our study, mouse models were used to examine effects of excess progesterone on embryo implantation and decidualization. Our data indicate that excess progesterone is not only harmful for mouse implantation, but also impairs mouse decidualization. In excess progesterone-treated mice, the impaired LIF/STAT3 pathway and dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to the inhibition of embryo implantation and decidualization. It is possible that the decrease in birth weight of excess progesterone-treated mice is due to a compromised embryo implantation and decidualization. Furthermore, excess progesterone compromises in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells.

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“…The luteal phase occurs after ovulation and corresponds to the time when a functioning corpus luteum secretes progesterone (1, 2). Menses is a response to the late luteal phase drop in progesterone after failure of the corpus luteum if pregnancy is not achieved (3–5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPD may be due to lack of adequate progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum or an inappropriate endometrial response to a normal progesterone level (7, 8). A shortened luteal phase is often considered to be a clinical manifestation of LPD (1, 9–11). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective evaluation of luteal phase length and natural fertility

Crawford

Pritchard

Herring

et al. 2017

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective To evaluate the impact of a short luteal phase on fecundability. Design Prospective, time to pregnancy cohort study Setting Community-based cohort Patient(s) Women trying to conceive, ages 30–44 years, without known infertility Intervention(s) Daily diaries, ovulation prediction testing, standardized pregnancy testing Main Outcome Measure(s) Subsequent cycle fecundability Result(s) 1,635 cycles from 284 women were included in the analysis. A short luteal phase (length of 11 days or less including the day of ovulation) occurred in 18% of observed cycles. Mean luteal phase length was 14 days. Significantly more women with a short luteal phase were smokers. After adjustment for age, women with a short luteal phase had 0.82 times the odds of pregnancy (95% CI: 0.46–1.47) in the subsequent cycle immediately following the short luteal phase when compared to women without a short luteal phase. Women with a short luteal length in the first observed cycle had significantly lower fertility after the first 6 months of pregnancy attempt, but at 12 months, there was no significant difference in cumulative probability of pregnancy. Conclusion(s) Although an isolated cycle with a short luteal phase may negatively impact short-term fertility, incidence of infertility at 12 months was not significantly higher among these women.

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Progesterone and the Luteal Phase

Cited by 118 publications

References 102 publications

Long-Term Moderate Oxidative Stress Decreased Ovarian Reproductive Function by Reducing Follicle Quality and Progesterone Production

Long-Term Moderate Oxidative Stress Decreased Ovarian Reproductive Function by Reducing Follicle Quality and Progesterone Production

The high concentration of progesterone is harmful for endometrial receptivity and decidualization

Prospective evaluation of luteal phase length and natural fertility

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