Profiling of 19-norsteroid sulfoconjugates in human urine by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Strahm, Emmanuel; Rudaz, Serge; Veuthey, Jean‐Luc; Saugy, Martial; Saudan, C

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.053

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Aliquots of urine (5–500 mL) were acidified (to pH ∼6.8) with 10 mM formic acid before extraction. The extraction process was modified from the procedures of Stewart et al and Strahm et al . The acidified samples were loaded onto an Oasis WAX plus solid‐phase extraction cartridge (50 mg; Waters) with 6‐hydroxychrysene added as an internal standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Saengtienchai

Ikenaka

Nakayama

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Interspecific differences in xenobiotic metabolism are a key to determining relative sensitivities of animals to xenobiotics. However, information on domesticated livestock, companion animals, and captive and free-ranging wildlife is incomplete. The present study evaluated interspecific differences in phase II conjugation using pyrene as a nondestructive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites have carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and wildlife and can have serious consequences. The authors collected urine from 16 mammalian species and analyzed pyrene metabolites. Interspecific differences in urinary pyrene metabolites, especially in the concentration and composition of phase II conjugated metabolites, were apparent. Glucuronide conjugates are dominant metabolites in the urine of many species, including deer, cattle, pigs, horses, and humans. However, they could not be detected in ferret urine even though the gene for ferret Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) 1A6 is not a pseudogene. Sulfate conjugates were detected mainly in the urine of cats, ferrets, and rabbits. Interestingly, sulfate conjugates were detected in pig urine. Although pigs are known to have limited aryl sulfotransferase activity, the present study demonstrated that pig liver was active in 1-hydroxypyrene sulfation. The findings have some application for biomonitoring environmental pollution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Saengtienchai

Ikenaka

Nakayama

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Historically, steroids in human biological fluids or cell culture supernatants have been analyzed by immunoassays; unfortunately, due to their physico-chemical properties and structural similarities, cross-reactivity has been often reported. − Separation techniques such as GC-MS were therefore considered as the gold standard for steroid analysis with the main drawbacks being the time-consuming and chemically based sample preparation (hydrolysis/derivatization) that is not compatible with conjugated steroid analysis. LC-MS/MS based analysis in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode is another standard in terms of sensitivity and versatility for steroid assays, with the main advantage of increasing sample preparation throughput . Several studies were published on H295R cells taking advantage of quantitative data generated using QqQ MS based LC-MS analytical methods. − However, due to the targeted acquisition mode afforded by the MS/MS analysis (with either GC or LC as separation technique), the number of quantified steroids in these publications ranged from 1, cortisol, to a maximum of 21 steroids, , preventing further data investigation after acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidomic Footprinting Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Qualitative and Quantitative High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Evaluation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in H295R Cells

Tonoli

Fürstenberger

Bernard

et al. 2015

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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The screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may alter steroidogenesis represents a highly important field mainly due to the numerous pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and infertility that have been related to impaired steroid-mediated regulation. The adrenal H295R cell model has been validated to study steroidogenesis by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline. However, this guideline focuses solely on testosterone and estradiol monitoring, hormones not typically produced by the adrenals, hence limiting possible in-depth mechanistic investigations. The present work proposes an untargeted steroidomic footprinting workflow based on ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high-resolution MS for the screening and mechanistic investigations of EDCs in H295R cell supernatants. A suspected EDC, triclocarban (TCC), used in detergents, cosmetics, and personal care products, was selected to demonstrate the efficiency of the reported methodology, allowing the simultaneous assessment of a steroidomic footprint and quantification of a selected subset of steroids in a single analysis. The effects of exposure to increasing TCC concentrations were assessed, and the selection of features with database matching followed by multivariate analysis has led to the selection of the most salient affected steroids. Using correlation analysis, 11 steroids were associated with a high, 18 with a medium, and 8 with a relatively low sensitivity behavior to TCC. Among the candidates, 13 identified steroids were simultaneously quantified, leading to the evaluation and localization of the disruption of steroidogenesis caused by TCC upstream of the formation of pregnenolone. The remaining candidates could be associated with a specific steroid class (progestogens and corticosteroids, or androgens) and represent a specific footprint of steroidogenesis disruption by TCC. This strategy was devised to be compatible with medium/high-throughput screening and could be useful for the mechanistic elucidation of EDCs.

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“…[5][6][7][8] However, these approaches are generally limited either regarding their sensitivity or detection time range, sometimes both. Recent approaches based on targeted [9][10][11][12] or untargeted profiling [13][14][15] have been emerging for a couple of years to tackle this issue. The aim of such metabolic profiling, also known as metabolomic-based strategies, is then to reveal, identify and use for diagnostic purposes appropriate biomarkers permitting to sign such exogenous treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, other applications based on a targeted profiling strategy have been adopted. Particular applications have been described, focusing on phase II metabolites by LC‐MS/MS (selected reaction monitoring [SRM] or precursor ion scan acquisition mode) to screen for nandrolone or AED abuse in human and bovine, respectively. Phase I metabolites profiling by GC‐MS/MS was also developed to catch new biomarkers of steroid administration, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic to screen for anabolic practices in cattle: identification of 5α‐androst‐2‐en‐17‐one as new biomarker of 4‐androstenedione misuse

et al. 2012

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The use of anabolic steroids as growth promoters for meat-producing animals is banned within the European Union. However, screening for the illegal use of natural steroid hormones still represents a difficult challenge because of the high interindividual and physiological variability of the endogenous concentration levels in animals. In this context, the development of untargeted profiling approaches for identifying new relevant biomarkers of exposure and/or effect has been emerging for a couple of years. The present study deals with an untargeted metabolomics approach on the basis of GC-MS aiming to reveal potential biomarkers signing a fraudulent administration of 4-androstenedione (AED), an anabolic androgenic steroid chosen as template. After a sample preparation based on microextraction by packed sorbent, urinary profiles of the free and deglucurono-conjugates urinary metabolites were acquired by GC-MS in the full-scan acquisition mode. Data processing and chemometric procedures highlighted 125 ions, allowing discrimination between samples collected before and after an administration of 4-AED. After a first evaluation of the signal robustness using additional and independent non-compliant samples, 17 steroid-like metabolites were pointed out as relevant candidate biomarkers. All these metabolites were then monitored using a targeted GC-MS/MS method for an additional assessment of their capacity to be used as biomarkers. Finally, two steroids, namely 5α-androstane-3β,17α-diol and 5α-androst-2-en-17-one, were concluded to be compatible with such a definition and which could be finally usable for screening purpose of AED abuse in cattle.

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Profiling of 19-norsteroid sulfoconjugates in human urine by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Steroidomic Footprinting Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Qualitative and Quantitative High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Evaluation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in H295R Cells

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic to screen for anabolic practices in cattle: identification of 5α‐androst‐2‐en‐17‐one as new biomarker of 4‐androstenedione misuse

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