Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Abstract

Interspecific differences in xenobiotic metabolism are a key to determining relative sensitivities of animals to xenobiotics. However, information on domesticated livestock, companion animals, and captive and free-ranging wildlife is incomplete. The present study evaluated interspecific differences in phase II conjugation using pyrene as a nondestructive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites have carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and wildlife and can have serious consequences. The authors collected urine from 16 mammalian species and analyzed pyrene metabolites. Interspecific differences in urinary pyrene metabolites, especially in the concentration and composition of phase II conjugated metabolites, were apparent. Glucuronide conjugates are dominant metabolites in the urine of many species, including deer, cattle, pigs, horses, and humans. However, they could not be detected in ferret urine even though the gene for ferret Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) 1A6 is not a pseudogene. Sulfate conjugates were detected mainly in the urine of cats, ferrets, and rabbits. Interestingly, sulfate conjugates were detected in pig urine. Although pigs are known to have limited aryl sulfotransferase activity, the present study demonstrated that pig liver was active in 1-hydroxypyrene sulfation. The findings have some application for biomonitoring environmental pollution.

Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals

“…This is a significant limitation for the ability to translate results from cell culture studies, in which incubations were performed only with the parent compounds, to the in vivo situation. Moreover, it has to be pointed that there are large sex‐related (Mugford and Kedderis, ; Renaud et al., ; Liu et al., ; Ruiz et al., ; Dellinger et al., ; Prokopec et al., ) and species‐dependent (Matal et al., ; Yamazaki et al., ; Helke and Swindle, ; Saengtienchai et al., ) differences in xenobiotic metabolism which largely explains that the spectrum of polyphenol metabolites, their tissue distribution and concentrations in blood following ingestion of polyphenols or polyphenol mixtures can differ markedly between species and between males and females (Weinert et al., ; Margalef et al., ). This is a clear hindrance for the ability to transfer data from male‐to‐female animals and from one species to another one.…”

Excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) in cattle urine in Ghana

“…Based on the high levels and cancer potency of PAHs in PM10, soils and the levels found in livers of wild rats (Bortey-Sam et al 2013;2015b), cattle urine was collected because cattle is known to excrete large amount of PAH metabolites due to high intake of the parent compound through feed or inhalation (Saengtienchai et al, 2014).…”

The assessment of daily dietary intake reveals the existence of a different pattern of bioaccumulation of chlorinated pollutants between domestic dogs and cats

“…1, proportionality was found between the intake and the plasma levels in both species. Unlike the rest of pollutants included in this study, the PAHs are readily metabolized in vertebrates (Walker et al, 2006), and although high differences in metabolizing capabilities among species have been reported between dogs and cats (Saengtienchai et al, 2014), in this case the differences found seem to be mainly attributable to the higher intake in dogs (Fig. 1).…”