Profiling local gene expression changes associated with Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina using cDNA microarray

Abstract

Eimeria parasites show preferential sites of invasion in the avian intestine and produce a species-specific host immune response. Two economically important species, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima, preferentially invade and develop in the avian duodenum and jejunum/ileum, respectively. To investigate local host immune responses induced by parasite infection, global transcriptional changes in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) induced by oral inoculation of chickens with E. acervulina or E. maxima were monitored using cDNA microarrays containing 400 unique chicken genes. Multiple gene transcripts were significantly up- or down-regulated following primary or secondary infection with E. acervulina or E. maxima. In general, infection by either parasite resulted in the expression changes of more genes following primary infection than following secondary infection, and E. acervulina caused more changes than did E. maxima. Although different regions of the small intestine were infected, similar changes in the levels of several cytokine mRNAs were observed in both Eimeria species following primary infection. Also identified was a set of transcripts whose expression was commonly enhanced or repressed in intestinal IELs of chickens infected with either parasite. Microarray analysis of chicken genes induced or repressed following Eimeria infection offers a powerful tool to enhance our understanding of host-parasite interactions leading to protective immunity.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Non-Antibiotic Alternatives in Coccidia Challenged Broiler Chickens

“…Because LITAF, IL-6, IFN-γ, TLR-4 and IL-10 are known to be inducible by Eimeria (Min et al, 2003;Hong et al, 2006 andSumners et al, 2011), downregulation of these genes by Orego-Stim suggests that it exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on the birds. Similar findings was reported by Yoon et al (2009) that showed that essential oils significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production in an in vitro system.…”

Functional genomics in chickens: development of integrated‐systems microarrays for transcriptional profiling and discovery of regulatory pathways

“…Two of [17] or provoked responses [16]. An additional five papers were published on microarray analysis of chicken tissues in 2003; these interrogations of transcriptional units in the chicken genome involved tissue-specific DNA microarrays for liver [6], pineal [19], retina [20], intestine [21,22] and the bursa of Fabricius [23].…”

Molecular Cytogenetic Definition of the Chicken Genome: The First Complete Avian Karyotype

“…DNA microarrays are the diploid number is ‫08ف‬ and because birds have many being generated to study metabolic functions and imcytologically indistinguishable microchromosomes. mune responses (Min et al 2003;Neiman et al 2003) The majority of avian genomic studies focus on the and to analyze global gene expression in target tissues chicken (Gallus domesticus) and the chicken genomeof chickens (Cogburn et al 2003). There are also projmapping project continues apace.…”