Profile of PAP smear cytology and its histopathological correlation at tertiary care center – A retrospective study

Vaghela, Bhavika; Vaghela, Vikas K.; Santwani, Pravina M.

doi:10.7439/ijbar.v5i1.551

Cited by 9 publications

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“…The present study reported an unsatisfactory/ inadequate smear rate of 2.3% whereas other studies reported it to be slightly higher with the rates being 4.8% and 6.4% [ 25 , 36 ]. Unsatisfactory smears might be due to dryness of smear or scant cellularity among peri/post-menopausal women and could also be due to improper sample collection technique [ 25 , 37 ].…”

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confidence: 80%

Cervical cytology and associated factors among tribal women of Karnataka, India

et al. 2021

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Background Reproductive well-being is a crucial element of women’s health. Due to the asymptomatic nature of gynaecological morbidities, women rarely seek medical advice in the initial period leading to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis of subsequent disease. The present study aimed to explore the cervical cytology and its associated risk factors among women from tribal communities of the southern part of coastal Karnataka, India. Methods Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test was performed among 1140 women from three tribal populations, to detect cervical lesions, infections and reactive changes. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics of the study population. Results The most predominant gynaecological complaint among the participants was severe lower back ache (77.6%), followed by white discharge per vagina (29.0%) and menstrual irregularities (25.9%). Of the 1140 women screened, 12.4% showed cervical microbial infections, 23.6% were reported to have reactive changes, and 0.2% had epithelial cell abnormalities in the cervix. Cervical microbial infections were found to be associated with younger age group, low socio-economic status and younger age at sexual debut. Conclusion Most of the symptoms suggestive of gynaecological morbidities reported in this study are preventable or treatable. Strengthening ongoing cervical cancer screening programme and implementation of health education programmes among tribal population would be the right policy approach to prevent, detect and treat these symptoms at an early stage and to achieve acceptable health outcomes among tribal women.

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confidence: 80%

Cervical cytology and associated factors among tribal women of Karnataka, India

et al. 2021

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“…Other studies have similar findings Banik U et al (2011) who reported EAC peak in more than 45 years and Vaghela et al (2014) with maximum ECA (26 %) in 40-49 years. Another study from Nepal reported 80% of ECA more than 40 years.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Cytomorphological spectrum of papanicolaou smears - a hospital based retrospective study

Sharma¹,

Dhariwal²,

Khairkar³

2017

Int j curr adv res

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Cervical cancer is second most common cancer of women in India. Screening of cervical cytology by simple papinocolou smear is an effective tool to detect premalignant lesions of cervix. Present study was retrospectively done to determine the cytomorphological spectrum of various cervical lesions and categorize them according to Bethesda system .All the patients presenting in gynaecological OPD and health camps with gynaecological complaints were included and subjected for PAP smear. Most common complaint and physical examination finding was abnormal vaginal discharge (46.3%) and erosion on cervix (46%) respectively. A total of 300 cervical smears were evaluated out of which 22 (7.3%) cases were unsatisfactory for evaluation, 49 (16.3%) were Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) and 196(65.3%) of NILM inflammatory category. Epithelial cell abnormality were seen in 33 (11%) with ASCUS in 15 (5%), LSIL in 12 (4%) and HSIL in 6(2%) cases. Maximum number of abnormal cases 15 (5.3%) were in age range 40-49. Cases of carcinoma were not encountered. The study enforces the significance of PAP smear screening in all the women at appropriate interval for reducing prevelance of cervical cancer in developing country like India. INTRODUCTIONCancer cervix is a disease of global burden and stands as third most common cancer in women worldwide (Sreedevi A et al 2015). In India it is second most common cancer with a peak incidence 55-59 years (Dhananjaya S et al 2014) Mortality varies eighteen fold between the different regions of the world, with rates ranging from less than 2 per 100,000 in Western Asia, Western Europe and Australia/New Zealand to more than 20 per 100,000 in Melanesia, Middle and Eastern Africa as per GLOBACON cancer fact sheet. According to world health organization approximately 80% of cervical cancer deaths occurred in developing countries. In India the mortality rate varies between 9.8-17.5 per 100,00. Without urgent intervention, deaths due to cervical cancer are projected to rise by almost 25% over the next 10 years. (Consul S et al 2012) The high mortality rates is attributable to the presentation of patient at later stages of disease. It is partly contributed because of subtle clinical features of disease.Most of the disease comes into attention only after the onset of symptoms and unfortunately in late stages. One of the major management challenges encountered is late presentation, as more than 56.0% of the cases present in stages III and IV. (Eze JN et al 2013). Data suggest that more than half of cervical cancer cases could be prevented through adequate screening. Fifty percent of women diagnosed with cervical cancer have never undergone cervical cytology testing and another 10% have not received screening in the five years preceding their diagnosis. Furthermore, cervical cancer is very rare among screened women as less than 10 per 100,000 annual (Sokol RJ et al2003). This outlines the significance of regular and periodic screening of all sexually active women. The cancer in spite o...

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A comparative study of conventional pap smear with liquid based cytology for early diagnosis of cervical cancer

Aboobacker¹,

Shariff²

2020

ACHR

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Cervical cancer is the third most common female malignancies worldwide with high mortality. Since the introduction of conventional PAP smear (CPS) mortality from cervical cancer has reduced considerably. Evidence shows that alternative method liquid based cytology (LBC) is more sensitive and accurate for the detection of both squamous and glandular lesions of the cervix. Objective: The main objective of this study is to compare conventional PAP smear and liquid based cytology and observe for morphologic features, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 240 cases and samples were processed for CPS and LBC. Cytobrush was used for LBC which was suspended and detached in the preservative fluid and processed by manual method. Histopathological correlation was done in 32 cases and HPV DNA testing was done in 76 cases. Results: LBC showed higher specimen adequacy, cellularity, clean background and uniform distribution of cells than CPS. Overall sensitivity of LBC (83.33%) and negative predictive value was more in LBC (92.85%) as compared to CPS. Conclusion: In this study LBC showed improved specimen adequacy, better cytomorphological features and higher detection of epithelial cell abnormality. Thus LBC has higher detection rate of precancerous lesion than CPS.

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Profile of PAP smear cytology and its histopathological correlation at tertiary care center – A retrospective study

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Cervical cytology and associated factors among tribal women of Karnataka, India

Cervical cytology and associated factors among tribal women of Karnataka, India

Cytomorphological spectrum of papanicolaou smears - a hospital based retrospective study

A comparative study of conventional pap smear with liquid based cytology for early diagnosis of cervical cancer

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