Profil des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires à Yaoundé - Cameroun

Abstract

IntroductionEn Afrique subsaharienne, les cancers constituent un fléau dont les caractéristiques restent à préciser.MéthodesAfin de déterminer les aspects histologiques et cliniques des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires au Cameroun, nous avons mené une étude descriptive et rétrospective sur une période de 54 mois à l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé.RésultatsLes 424 cas enregistrés se répartissaient ainsi: cancers du col de l'utérus: 210 cas (49.5%); du sein: 144 cas (34%); de l'ovaire: 31 cas (7.4%); de l'endomètre: 21 cas (4.9%); de la vulve: 14 cas (3.3%); du vagin: 1 cas (0.2%) et les sarcomes utérins: 3 cas (0.7%). Pour le cancer du sein, l’âge moyen au diagnostic était de 46.08±4.0 ans, 92.4% de patientes présentaient une masse (dont 60.9% localisées au quadrant supéro-externe), 76.4% étaient découverts aux stades T3 et T4, et 71.5% étaient les carcinomes canalaires. Pour les cancers du col, l’âge moyen au diagnostic était de 52.43±3.82 ans, 62.9% étaient découverts aux stades FIGO 1 et 2, et 87.6% étaient des carcinomes épidermoïdes. Pour le cancer de l'ovaire, l’âge moyen au diagnostic était de 49.0±9.31 ans, 90.3% étaient des tumeurs épithéliales et 74.2% étaient aux stades 2 et 3 (FIGO). Quant aux cancers de l'endomètre, l’âge moyen au diagnostic était de 59±14.55 ans, 90.5% étaient des adénocarcinomes.ConclusionLes principaux cancers étaient ceux du col de l'utérus et du sein. Le diagnostic étant souvent fait aux stades tardifs et par conséquent de mauvais pronostic, la prévention des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires devrait être renforcée au Cameroun.

Management of Cervical Intra Epithelial Neoplasia by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure in a Low Resource Country: An Experience from the Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon

“…The mean age of patients with CIN in this study is consistent with 46 to 53 years of mean age at diagnosis of cervical cancer reported in Cameroon, assuming a latency of 10 -15 years between CIN and cancer [7]- [10]. The mean parity of women in our study was 3.2 ± 2.4.…”

Trends in breast and cervical cancer incidence in Cameroon (Central Africa) from 2004 to 2011

“…In our study 56.44% of women were aged between 30 and 50 while 8.06% were less than 30 and 35.5% were more than 50. These observations are close to those reported in Yaounde and Douala [9,10]. Like in previous studies in Cameroon [8][9][10][11][12] and worldwide [13,14], ductal carcinoma was by far the most common histological type of BC in our study (85.04%), followed by lobular carcinoma (4.65%).…”

“…These observations are close to those reported in Yaounde and Douala [9,10]. Like in previous studies in Cameroon [8][9][10][11][12] and worldwide [13,14], ductal carcinoma was by far the most common histological type of BC in our study (85.04%), followed by lobular carcinoma (4.65%). Though our data originate from the six main laboratories of Pathology, located in four towns in Cameroon, the age distribution and histological pattern are similar to those of previous studies in the referral hospitals in Yaoundé and Douala.…”

“…They also found that 6.02% were less than 30 and 34.09% were more than 50 [8]. Sando et al found that out of 144 cases of BC over 6 years (2003-2009) at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, 50.69% were between 30 and 50 year old while 37.5% were more than 50 and 11.81% were less than 30 [9]. In a series of 42 cases of BC seen over 3 years in Douala (2006-2009), Nguefack et al reported that 60% of women were between 30 and 50 while 28% were more than 50 and 2% were less than 30 [10].…”

Epidemiological and Histological Profile of Cervical Cancer in Cameroon: About 2078 Cases

“…The incidence of cancer continues to increase according to the recent studies. According to the results obtained by Sando et al at the Gynaecological and Paediatric Hospital of Yaounde in 2013, it was 49.5% [7]. In a multicenter study conducted in the Littoral region in 2015, it represented 72.32% of all genital cancers, while 94.48% of malignant tumors were epithelial [8].…”