Professions in modern society

Stichweh, Rudolf

doi:10.1080/03906701.1997.9971225

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A preservação de algum controle sobre o trabalho e o conhecimento poderá ser interpretada como sendo apenas uma fase de transição, antes da plena modernização das sociedades capitalistas: um resquício das sociedades pré-modernas (dos ofícios organizados em corporações) que se pode prolongar temporalmente nas primeiras fases de desenvolvimento do capitalismo, conforme o poder que os grupos de trabalho (occupations) têm para prolongar a transição modernizadora das sociedades, ao preservar algum controle coletivo sobre a organização do trabalho e do conhecimento (Krause, 1988;Stichweh, 1997). É o caso do poder herdado pelos grupos profissionais com maior estatuto social através da Universidade numa fase pré-moderna (casos da medicina e da advocacia), ou o caso do poder adquirido por alguns grupos profissionais para desenvolver projetos de profissionalização (à imagem da medicina e da advocacia), que lhes tem permitido manter ou ganhar controle sobre o seu trabalho com base em conhecimento próprio.…”

Section: A Burocratização Ideológica Das Profissõesunclassified

O trabalho profissional burocrático: modelo de análise da profissionalização do trabalho em serviço social no setor não lucrativo em Portugal

Caria

2013

Dados

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A tualmente, a Sociologia das Profissões, de origem anglo-saxônica e inspiração neoweberiana, abandonou a discussão sobre os critérios que podem definir o tipo ideal de profissão (Sacks, 2010). Contudo, continua a colocar a hipótese do profissionalismo resistir à lógica das organizações burocráticas, especialmente quando estas dependem, funcional e institucionalmente, da autoridade legal do Estado (Noordegraaf, 2007).Em consequência, continua-se a reproduzir uma explicação sobre a profissionalização do trabalho na base da existência de uma potencial dicotomia entre burocracias e profissões. Uma perspectiva de análise que legitimou e legitima dois modelos de explicação para o poder profissional: o modelo continental e o modelo liberal (Sciulli, 2005). No entanto, reconhece-se que na Europa ocidental, primeiro devido ao desenvolvimento do Estado Providência e posteriormente ao desenvolvimento da nova gestão das políticas públicas (new public management -NPM), há uma progressiva convergência histórica na análise sobre o poder das profissões que tende a superar as divergências existentes (Svensson e Evetts, 2010).Esta convergência histórica pode ter uma fundamentação teórica weberiana. Burocratização e profissionalização podem ser vistos como

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Section: A Burocratização Ideológica Das Profissõesunclassified

O trabalho profissional burocrático: modelo de análise da profissionalização do trabalho em serviço social no setor não lucrativo em Portugal

Caria

2013

Dados

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“…It would also necessitate explaining why responding to these needs leads to a process of structure formation, which can be described as "professionalization" and results in "professionalism" as the institutional framework of professional work. The idea that professions deal with existential problems of human life is of course not specific to the RTP (for other examples, see Olgiati, 2010;Stichweh, 1996Stichweh, , 1997. In this connection, it is often assumed that professionals have to tackle the complexity of the problems of people who need help or should be "transformed" by the interaction between professionals and clients.…”

Section: Architecture Of the Revised Theory Of Professionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with Crises: A Neo-Classical View on Professions

Münte

Scheid

2017

P&P

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Abstract:The classical view in the sociology of professions is rooted in Parsons' work. By using the term "profession," this view tries to distinguish a class of occupations that serves a specific function in society. As is well known, such a functional view in the sociology of professions came under attack in the 1970s, when professionalization processes were increasingly analysed in terms of interests and power. In this article, we have pointed out the theoretical and empirical relevance of a line of thought that emerged in the 1980s in the German-speaking academic world. It has revitalized a functional approach based on research into the interaction between professionals and their clients. The general idea that has emerged is that research into the microstructures of professional action could reveal a societal function that would explain the particular institutional features ascribed to professions.Keywords: Professionalization, functionalism, professional-client interaction, revised theory of professionalization, objective hermeneuticsThe sociology of professions witnessed major shifts that were deeply interwoven into the history of modern society itself. Previously, professions were of central importance in sociological thought, with Parsons (1968) considering them the most important single complex of modern society. Functionalism, which dominated sociology for most of the mid-20th century and was closely related to Parsons' work, referred to professions' functions in society in order to explain the traits that differentiated them from other occupations, for example, their autonomy in controlling their occupational performance. This view was largely replaced in the following decades by research into professional action, which focused on the question of how an outstanding and in some sense "professional" status would be achieved in a given field of action. To explain the creation of a professional status, not only careful and detailed studies of the realities of professional action were conducted. The described processes of professionalization were analysed chiefly in terms of interest and power (Macdonald, 1995). Thus, whereas the first approach was apt to justify the privileged status of professions in society, the latter questioned its legitimacy.Today, discussions about professions take place in a quite different constellation. Now, the sociology of professions has to deal with the epochal changes that accompany deep transformations in the system of occupations and the organization of work

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“…Probably the most important work from this perspective is Stichweh's (1996Stichweh's ( , 1997 research on the historical meaning of professions. He argues that because of their responsibility for the most existential conflicts of people, professions have been the first ones to gain social status attributed to merit instead of birth.…”

Section: Analytical Strategy and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Stichweh (1996Stichweh ( , 1997 and Luhmann (1980) focus on the dramatic sociohistorical transition from pre-modern (stratified) to modern (functionally differentiated) society, I suggest applying this perspective also to smaller and gradual historical changes.…”

Section: Analytical Strategy and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Professional Expectation Management: The Doctor as a Social Figure

Atzeni

2017

P&P

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In this paper, I deal with the application and further development of the systems theory's insight into the sociology of professions, particularly the profession of medical doctors. I analyse doctoral professionalism from the perspective of a theory of society. The genesis and change of the social figure of the doctor are examined in the light of the changing societal expectations addressed to it. I show that the emergence and the continuing development of the doctor's profession are based not only on supposedly hard facts, such as expertise, the ability to cure ill people, a certain social status and so on, but equally on the professional image's social flexibility to adapt to and simultaneously shape an always changing society. Thereby, my paper contributes to explain the necessary breeding ground of a multitude of highly specific medical practices, and more generally, the mere existence and evolution of modern medicine.

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Professions in modern society

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

O trabalho profissional burocrático: modelo de análise da profissionalização do trabalho em serviço social no setor não lucrativo em Portugal

O trabalho profissional burocrático: modelo de análise da profissionalização do trabalho em serviço social no setor não lucrativo em Portugal

Coping with Crises: A Neo-Classical View on Professions

Professional Expectation Management: The Doctor as a Social Figure

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