Professional Success and Gender in Family Medicine

Abstract

Two components of professional success have been defined: objective career success (OCS) and subjective career success (SCS). Despite the increasing number of women practicing medicine, gender inequalities persist. The objectives of this descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicenter study were (a) to construct and validate OCS and SCS scales, (b) determine the relationships between OCS and SCS and between each scale and professional/family characteristics, and (c) to compare these associations between male and female family physicians (FPs). The study sample comprised 250 female and 250 male FPs from urban health centers in Andalusia (Spain). Data were gathered over 6 months on gender, age, care load, professional/family variables, and family-work balance, using a selfadministered questionnaire. OSC and SCS scales were examined by using exploratory factorial analysis and Cronbach's a, and scores were compared by gender-stratified bivariate and multiple regression analyses. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated using a multilevel analysis. The response rate was 73.6%. We identified three OCS factors and two SCS factors. Lower scores were obtained by female versus male FPs in the OCS dimensions, but there were no gender differences in either SCS dimension.

Hierarchical Component Model (HCM) of Career Success and the Moderating Effect of Gender, from the Perspective of University Alumni: Multigroup Analysis and Empirical Evidence from Quevedo, Ecuador

“…On the other hand, different viewpoints, such as personal [73,74], group or cultural beliefs [58,75], organisational [76][77][78] and work-family balance [79][80][81], might be used to evaluate career success. Other studies focus on women's views of work success [46,82,83] in subjective and family terms [84,85]. According to a study by Gattiker in 1985, respondents' self-concepts and perceived job attributes significantly impacted their perception of career success [86].…”

(As)simetrias De Género: Sucessos E Barreiras Em Discursos Profissionais

“…Quando a avaliação tem por base uma fonte externa, seus determinantes são objetivos e os critérios visíveis. A esta vertente do conceito chamamos de sucesso objetivo na carreira, tendo como marcadores o salário, as distinções curriculares ou a formação obtida (Delgado et al, 2014;Judge et al, 1995). Por outro lado, quando a avaliação é pessoal, denominamos o sucesso de subjetivo, considerando a perceção da própria pessoa sobre as suas realizações, a partir de critérios pessoais (Delgado et al, 2014).…”

“…A esta vertente do conceito chamamos de sucesso objetivo na carreira, tendo como marcadores o salário, as distinções curriculares ou a formação obtida (Delgado et al, 2014;Judge et al, 1995). Por outro lado, quando a avaliação é pessoal, denominamos o sucesso de subjetivo, considerando a perceção da própria pessoa sobre as suas realizações, a partir de critérios pessoais (Delgado et al, 2014). Como marcadores desse tipo de sucesso contam-se as aspirações pessoais, os sentimentos de realização ou a satisfação com a carreira (Abele & Spurk, 2009;Judge et al, 1995).…”

Research Trends in Career Success: A Bibliometric Review

“…In this field of study, the factors that influence professional success have been related [15]. Objective factors include good salary [16], age [17], labour promotion [18], recognition [19], work in a prestigious company, leadership [20], and teamwork [21]. On the other hand, the main subjective factors are the following: achieving happiness [22], gender [23], professional and job satisfaction [24], emotional intelligence [25], fulfilment of goals [5], and ethical behaviour [26].…”