Professional Golfers Conclude that Spike Design Affects Putting Green Quality

Nikolai, Thomas A.; Karcher, Douglas E.; Sorochan, John C.

doi:10.1094/ats-2006-1127-01-br

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Cultural practices, alone, are often not enough to provide acceptable dollar spot control (Green et al., 2019; Nikolai et al., 2001). Unacceptable disease suppression from cultural practices as well as resistance to many of the modern, site‐specific fungicides in a variety of crops has led researchers to experiment with sulfur‐based, broad‐spectrum chemistries to suppress fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies for increasing ferrous sulfate efficacy against dollar spot of creeping bentgrass

Hutchens

Roberson

Shelton

et al. 2021

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.) is a damaging turfgrass disease. Ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ) suppresses dollar spot with little risk of resistance. Optimizing FeSO 4 applications is crucial for adequate dollar spot suppression. Supplementing FeSO 4 applications with chlorothalonil fungicide could also increase efficacy against dollar spot and longevity of disease suppression. Four experiments were conducted to determine the 1) optimal water carrier volume for FeSO 4 , 2) proper nozzle selection for FeSO 4 applications, 3) most efficacious rate combination of FeSO 4 and chlorothalonil, and 4) longevity of chlorothalonil efficacy when applied in conjunction with FeSO 4 for dollar spot suppression on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). These studies were conducted on either putting greens mown at 3.2 to 6.4 mm or fairways mown at 16.5 mm. The following carrier volumes were tested in Experiment 1: 281, 421, 842 and 1684 L ha -1 . For Experiment 2, Turbo FloodJet (TF), Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI), Air Induction Turbo TwinJet (AITTJ), and Extended Range Flat Fan (XRFF) nozzles were used to determine optimal nozzle type. In Experiment 3, chlorothalonil was applied at 0, 2.28, 4.57, 6.86 and 9.16 kg a.i. ha -1 with or without 48.8 kg ha -1 of FeSO 4 . In Experiment 4, 48.8 kg ha -1 of FeSO 4 was applied biweekly and chlorothalonil was curatively applied at 8.2 kg a.i. ha -1 when infection centers per plot reached 30. Water carrier volume had no effect on dollar spot suppression, the AITTJ and XRFF nozzles provided the greatest disease suppression and turf quality, FeSO 4 reduced effective chlorothalonil rates by up to 68.5% and FeSO 4 increased longevity of chlorothalonil efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Green et al (2019) determined that sand topdressing fairways could reduce disease by up to 50% at peak dollar spot activity. Additionally, rolling three times weekly has been shown to reduce dollar spot (Nikolai et al, 2001). Dew removal, in general, is an effective dollar spot suppression strategy (Ellram et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for increasing ferrous sulfate efficacy against dollar spot of creeping bentgrass

Hutchens

Roberson

Shelton

et al. 2021

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Impact of putting green management on visible wear damage caused by foot traffic

et al. 2021

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A 2-yr study was conducted at Michigan State University (MSU) and the University of Arkansas (UARK) to identify creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green management practices that minimize or exacerbate visible wear damage (VWD) caused by aggressive golf shoes or cleats. Management treatments included different levels of grooming (none vs. three times weekly at a depth of 0.5 mm), lightweight rolling (none vs. three times weekly), sand topdressing (none vs. every 14 d at the rate of 0.6 L m −2 ), and nitrogen fertility (low N vs. high N every 14 d) applied as urea at the rates of 0.6 or 1.2 g m −2 . Rolling significantly increased VWD at UARK in both years and at MSU in 2017. When increases in VWD occurred on rolled plots, there were also significant increases in moisture in the top 3.8 cm of the root zone. Higher fertility consistently increased VWD at UARK throughout the study and after a single traffic event at MSU. Throughout the trial, grooming and sand topdressing occasionally reduced VWD at both locations. These results will help agronomists and golf course superintendents fine-tune cultural practices to mitigate VWD on intensively managed creeping bentgrass putting greens.

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Interspecific comparisons of C₃ turfgrass for tennis use: I. Wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play

et al. 2020

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Previous studies in the evaluation of wear tolerance have been conducted using wear simulators. Research to investigate wear tolerance of C 3 turfgrasses under actual playing conditions and their carrying capacity is limited. Three grass tennis courts (replicates) maintained as official size (single) courts were constructed. Eight species and cultivars were randomized within the three courts (blocks): (1) 'Keeneland' Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), (2) 'Rubix' KB, (3) 'Villa' velvet bentgrass (VBG, Agrostis canina L.), (4) 'Puritan' colonial bentgrass (CL, Agrostis capillaris L.), (5) '007' creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis stolonifera L.), (6) fine fescue (FF, Festuca spp.) mixture, (7) 'Karma' perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), and (8) 'Wicked' PR. Injury at the baseline was measured by counting healthy grass on four dates in 2017 and 2019 using an intersect grid. Carrying capacity at the baseline was derived as hours of play to sustain 90, 80, 70, and 60% grass cover. After 6 wk of actual tennis play involving >120 participating players in 2017 and 2019, KB and PR were superior to other C 3 turfgrass for wear tolerance and carrying capacity. These two species exhibited four times the carrying capacity of FF species and nearly 60% more carrying capacity than bentgrass (BG) species. Species of BG afforded higher shoot density and better traction than KB and PR, with VBG exhibiting the best traction, and FF and PR exhibiting the poorest traction. In 2017, greater cell wall content increased wear tolerance and carrying capacity. Velvet bentgrass was as good as KB and PR in overall wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play.

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Professional Golfers Conclude that Spike Design Affects Putting Green Quality

Cited by 3 publications

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Strategies for increasing ferrous sulfate efficacy against dollar spot of creeping bentgrass

Strategies for increasing ferrous sulfate efficacy against dollar spot of creeping bentgrass

Impact of putting green management on visible wear damage caused by foot traffic

Interspecific comparisons of C₃ turfgrass for tennis use: I. Wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play

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Professional Golfers Conclude that Spike Design Affects Putting Green Quality

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Strategies for increasing ferrous sulfate efficacy against dollar spot of creeping bentgrass

Strategies for increasing ferrous sulfate efficacy against dollar spot of creeping bentgrass

Impact of putting green management on visible wear damage caused by foot traffic

Interspecific comparisons of C3 turfgrass for tennis use: I. Wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play

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Product

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Interspecific comparisons of C₃ turfgrass for tennis use: I. Wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play