Produtividade e composição de uva e de vinho de videiras consorciadas com plantas de cobertura

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de plantas de cobertura verde sobre a produtividade das videiras e sobre a composição da uva e do vinho. Durante duas safras, foram feitas avaliações de três tipos de consórcio, dois manejos das coberturas e de um tratamento controle, com plantas espontâneas controladas por herbicidas e roçagem. Utilizou-se vinhedo de uvas 'Cabernet Sauvignon', localizado a 1.130 m de altitude, em um Cambissolo Húmico distrófico, em São Joaquim, SC. Os consórcios foram realizados com a sucessão de cultivos anuais de moha (Setaria italica) com azevém (Lolium multiflorum) e de trigo mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum) com aveia-branca (Avena sativa), bem como com a planta perene festuca (Fetusca sp.). Os manejos consistiram da transferência ou não do resíduo cultural da linha para a entrelinha. As videiras apresentaram maior produtividade de uva no consórcio com as plantas anuais, em comparação ao tratamento controle, ou com a planta perene festuca. O manejo da cobertura verde não teve influência sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Os consórcios não influenciaram de forma consistente os teores de N da uva nem a composição do mosto, embora, na última safra, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais do mosto tenha sido maior nos tratamentos com consórcio, em comparação ao controle. Além disso, as videiras consorciadas com festuca podem proporcionar vinho com maior teor de antocianinas e polifenóis totais.Termos para indexação: Vitis vinifera, adubo verde, qualidade da uva, vigor vegetativo, vinho de altitude. Productivity and composition of grapes and wine of vines intercropped with cover cropsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of green cover crops on vine productivity and on grape and wine composition. For two growing seasons, evaluations were done for three intercrops, two managements of the cover crops, and for a control treatment with weeds controlled by herbicides and mowing. A vineyard of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', located at 1,130 m altitude in a Haplumbrept soil, in São Joaquim, SC, Brazil was used. Intercropping was done with a succession of the cover crops moha (Setaria italica) with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) with oat (Avena sativa), and with perennial fescue (Fetusca sp.). Cover crop managements consisted of transferring or not crop residues from the row to the between rows. Grape yield were higher in vines intercropped with the annual plants, in comparison to the control treatment or to fescue. The management of the cover crops did not affect the evaluated variables. Intercropping did not consistently influence N contents of grapes and wine composition; however, soluble solid contents of must were greater with intercropping treatments compared to control, in the last season. Moreover, vines intercropped with fescue can enable wine with greater content of anthocyanins and total polyphenols.

Vegetative, productive and qualitative performance of grapevine "Cabernet Sauvignon" according to the use of winter cover crops

“…However, in the second harvest, grape production was 9.55 t ha -1 , in the average of treatments, 56.4% higher than in the previous harvest, possibly associated to climatic conditions that favor the production in this season. Similar results were found by Zalamena et al (2013b) when evaluating a "Cabernet Sauvignon" vineyard in the Santa Catarina Plateau region, where no increase in the productivity of grapes was found using land cover plants during two evaluation crops. Even in the cultivation of nitrogen-fixing species such as vetch or clovers, increase in plant vigor was not found, probably due to the high content of organic matter found in natural conditions in soils of the Upper Valley of Rio do Peixe and that already meets the requirements of the crop for this nutrient.…”

“…Under certain conditions, the cultivation of perennial cover crops may be an interesting alternative, especially in soils with high content of organic matter. By proving this statement, Zalamena et al (2013a) and Zalamena et al (2013b) observed in soils with high levels of organic matter that the cultivation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) may be a viable alternative to reduce the vigor of the vine, producing wines with higher content of anthocyanins and total polyphenols.…”

Desempenho agronômico da videira ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ submetida a diferentes épocas de aplicação e concentrações de Prohexadiona de Cálcio

“…No entanto, essas regiões apresentam condições edafoclimáticas de altos teores de matéria orgânica no solo (MAFRA et al 2011, ZALAMENA et al 2013, elevada disponibilidade hídrica (BEM et al 2016), escolha de porta enxerto vigoroso e sistema de condução em espaldeira (VIANNA et al 2016), resultando em crescimento vegetativo excessivo (BORGHEZAN et al 2011, BRIGHENTI et al 2011, WÜRZ et al 2017b) sendo necessário ajuste do dossel vegetativo para promover o equilíbrio do vinhedo (BORGHEZAN et al 2011), exigindo dos viticultores a necessidade de realizar vários despontes e desfolhas sucessivas (VILLAR et al 2011). Nesse contexto busca-se reguladores de crescimento que tenham um efeito na redução do vigor das plantas.…”

Evaluation of effect of vegetation cover on soil compaction

“…A suitable solution is the use of grassland systems made of diverse species of plant mixtures [1], which are the main tools in maintaining the soil fertility and partially a tool of quality management in viniculture [2][3][4].…”