Productivity, seed quality and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under organic, inorganic and integrated nutrient management practices after twenty years of fertilization

Abstract

A long-term field experiment started in 1995 on Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar (India) was selected to study the effects of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on productivity, seed quality and nutrient use efficiency of wheat under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. The organic manures (15 Mg FYM, 5 Mg poultry manure and 7.5 Mg pressmud) were applied alone and in combination with fertilizers (150 kg N + 30 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) and compared with chemical fertilizers applied alone (150 kg N + 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 and 75 kg N + 30 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ). The results showed that the application of organic manures in combination with N and P fertilizers significantly increased all yield attributes, i.e. plant height, number of tillers/m row length, spike length, number of grains/spike. Higher grain yield of wheat (61.4, 57.4 and 62.7 q ha -1 ) was observed when recommended dose of N and half of P was applied in conjunction with FYM, poultry manure and pressmud, respectively. Grain yield of wheat increased by 13.5, 6.1 and 15.9%, respectively, under same treatments when compared with recommended dose of N and P fertilizers. Among the organic manures, highest yield (32.9 q ha -1 ) was obtained with pressmud application. However, application of organic manures alone resulted in poor yield and even lower than 50% recommended dose of N and P fertilizer. All the seed quality parameters (standard germination, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and -II) improved with the combined application of organic manures and chemical fertilizers as compared to their individual application. The partial factor productivity of N and P increased with combined application organic manures and chemical fertilizer as compared to chemical fertilizers applied alone, however, nutrient harvest index and their utilization efficiency decreased with combined application of organic manures and fertilizers as compared to their individual application.

Does Dairy Liquid Manure Complementary to Mineral Fertilization Increase Grain Yield Due to Changes in Soil Fertility?

“…In the 2010 harvest, the estimated dose for maximum wheat yield was 108 m 3 ha -1 year -1 , with 30% increment compared to the control treatment, however in the 2010 and 2014 harvests, the increment was only 14%. In agreement with these data, other authors [20,23] observed that the association of mineral fertilizer with manure increased wheat yield. About the black oat, the DLM application increased the dry matter only in the 2009 harvest, with 120% increment (Figure 1d).…”

“…Combining mineral and organic fertilizers, the nutrients are slowly but continuously supplied reaching the need for crops. Also, there is the supply of readily available macro and micronutrients, resulting in better growth and grain yield [23]. Beyond the chemical aspect, the better crop yield with the balanced application of organic and mineral fertilizer can be attributed to improvements in soil physical and biological properties [5,6,19,26].…”

Role of Nutrients in Wheat: A Review

“…The organic manure alone cannot satisfy the nutrient demand, the wheat plant generates low yield (Sheoran et al, 2017). Application of chemical fertilizers to wheat in a timely manner and consequently increases the production of wheat (Lewis et al, 1938).…”

Influence of Different Organic Manures and Their Combinations on Productivity and Quality of Bread Wheat

“…The production of farmyard manure can easily be done at the farm level and thus exhibits good potential for its usage as an organic source rather than dependence on chemical fertilizers. Different studies have reported that application of farmyard manure improved wheat productivity (Shah and Ahmad 2006;Hammad et al 2011;Ram et al 2016;Phullan et al 2017;Sheoran et al 2017;Holik et al 2018;Mazhar et al 2018;Ali et al 2019).…”

“…A sugarcane byproduct is press mud and its application enhances soil aeration and porosity, water holding capacity, soil nutrient amount, and organic matter (Dotaniya et al 2016). An improvement in yield was observed in the case of press mud application for different crops like sugarcane (Nawaz et al 2017) and wheat (Sheoran et al 2017;Chattha et al 2019).…”