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According to preliminary estimates by scientists of the Institute of Land Use of the National Academy of Sciences, it was established that the area of irrigated agricultural land, which is in the zone of influence of the Kakhovsky Reservoir, including the occupied territories, amounted to 1,267.8 thousand hectares, of which about 500 thousand hectares had potential irrigation. The need for a more detailed study of the spatial identification of irrigated lands has been proven. The area of irrigated land in the area of influence of the Kakhovsky Reservoir was clarified by spatial comparison and digitization of: irrigation schemes, boundaries of land plots, boundaries of irrigated fields according to indices of vegetation and soil moisture using GIS technologies and remote sensing of the Earth. This makes it possible to calculate the area of agricultural land, the irrigation of which will be complicated due to the destruction of the dam of the Kakhovska HPP and changes in the Kakhovsky reservoir. In the future, it is important to determine and evaluate the impact of hostilities and other negative phenomena of armed aggression in this region on land use and infrastructure. Based on a preliminary analysis of hydrography and water channels, the scientists of the Institute of Land Use of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences determined administrative districts whose land irrigation depended on the Kakhovsky Reservoir. It is proposed to introduce the accounting of reclaimed land, as well as land affected by hostilities in the cadastre. We believe that monitoring of irrigated and drained lands, and lands that will be returned to circulation after the elimination of the effects of hostilities, should be an element of land monitoring.
According to preliminary estimates by scientists of the Institute of Land Use of the National Academy of Sciences, it was established that the area of irrigated agricultural land, which is in the zone of influence of the Kakhovsky Reservoir, including the occupied territories, amounted to 1,267.8 thousand hectares, of which about 500 thousand hectares had potential irrigation. The need for a more detailed study of the spatial identification of irrigated lands has been proven. The area of irrigated land in the area of influence of the Kakhovsky Reservoir was clarified by spatial comparison and digitization of: irrigation schemes, boundaries of land plots, boundaries of irrigated fields according to indices of vegetation and soil moisture using GIS technologies and remote sensing of the Earth. This makes it possible to calculate the area of agricultural land, the irrigation of which will be complicated due to the destruction of the dam of the Kakhovska HPP and changes in the Kakhovsky reservoir. In the future, it is important to determine and evaluate the impact of hostilities and other negative phenomena of armed aggression in this region on land use and infrastructure. Based on a preliminary analysis of hydrography and water channels, the scientists of the Institute of Land Use of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences determined administrative districts whose land irrigation depended on the Kakhovsky Reservoir. It is proposed to introduce the accounting of reclaimed land, as well as land affected by hostilities in the cadastre. We believe that monitoring of irrigated and drained lands, and lands that will be returned to circulation after the elimination of the effects of hostilities, should be an element of land monitoring.
The article highlights the solution of important scientific issues - increasing the yield of sunflower hybrids by applying the optimal system of basic tillage in the context of global climate change. The research was carried out in 2021 in the experimental field of VNAU on the basis of NDG "Agronomichne", which is located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. We studied three methods of basic tillage for sunflower crops - plowing to a depth of 23-25 cm (control), mouldboardless loosening - deep cultivator to a depth of 14-16 cm and surface disk tillage to a depth of 10-12 cm in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups SI Arco, Alcantara and NC Brio). The best conditions for growth and development of sunflower plants were created in the variant where the mouldboard tillage was carried out with a plow PLN-3-35 to a depth of 23-25 cm and the whole period the cultivated plants were without competition from weeds for life factors - SI Arko - 143 cm, Alcantara - 158 cm and NC Brio - 177 cm. It should also be noted the increase in the height of sunflower plants with the extension of the growing season. The height of plants in the early-ripening hybrid of sunflower SI Arco in 2021 ranged from 122-143 cm, middle-early Alcantara - 142-158 cm and medium-ripe NK Brio - 160-177 cm, i.e. was the highest. Shallow and surface tillage with disc implements increases vegetative weeds by 2.3 and 2.8 times, respectively. The implementation of protective mechanized measures for sunflower sowing against weeds has contributed to a significant reduction in their number. Thus, in the control variant with shelf plowing with PLN-3-35 plow to a depth of 23-25 cm in the flowering phase of the basket, it was in the hybrid of sunflower SI Arco - 28 pcs. / m2, Alcantara - 45 pcs. / m2 and NK Brio - 25 pcs. ./m2, on the version with shelf-free loosening with a deep ripper "Bravo Till" to a depth of 14-16 cm - 75 pcs./ m2, 83 and 78 pcs./ m2, and with surface disk tillage harrow BDT-7 to a depth of 10-12 cm were the highest - 127 units / m2, 134 and 119 units / m2. Against the background of plowing, their number decreased by 31.2-42.8%. Carrying out mechanical measures (one before ladder and one after ladder harrowing, as well as inter-row loosening in the phase of 5-6 leaves of sunflower) protection of sunflower against the background of plowing helped to reduce weeds by 21.0-33.6%. At the end, plowing yield of sunflower seeds was higher (by 0.21-0.74 t / ha). The value of oil content when using mouldboard plowing was the highest and was in SI Arco - 46.4%, Alcantara - 47.2% and NC Brio - 47.4%.
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