Productivity and Meat Nutrient in Fish The Diet Effect

Abstract

SummaryMeat quality of carp varies by age and rearing system as well as feed consumed. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the diet on the survival rate, yield per unit of area, chemical composition, the amount of total cholesterol and fatty acid profile of twoyear old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) reared in the basic culture systems. Fish were grown in the similar ponds and subjected to 1 of 3 feeding systems: only natural food (extensive system), supplemental grain (semi-intensive system), and extruded formula consisting of soybean, sunflower kernel, wheat flour, corn and brewery yeast (intensive system). Feeding extruded formula doubled production per hectare of pond surface area, compared with feeding supplemental grain and almost thrice compared with feeding only natural food. The n-3/n-6 ratio varied widely by the diet. Carp fed extruded formula yielded the most preferable the unsaturated fatty acid:saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids ratios. In conclusion, the provision of processed plant meals can be an important protein source for common carp to improve productivity and food quality. Keywords: Productivity, Common carp, Meat nutrients, Nutrition, Rearing system Balıklarda Verimlilik ve Et Besin Bileşimi: Yemin Etkisi ÖzetSazan balığının et kalitesi yaş ve yetiştirme sisteminin yanı sıra tüketilen yeme göre de değişir. Çalışmanın amacı; temel kültür sistemlerinde yetiştirilen iki yaşlı sazanlarda (Cyprinus carpio L .) farklı diyetlerle sağkalım oranı, birim yetiştirme alanından elde edilen verimlilik ve et besin bileşimi, total kolesterol ile yağ asidi profiline etkisini araştırmaktı. Aynı gölette büyütülen ba balıklarda; 1-Sadece doğal gıda (ekstansif sistem), 2-Tahıl takviyesi (yarı-entansif sistem) veya 3-Soya, ayçiçeği, buğday unu, mısır, malt içeren ekstrude karışım (entansif sistem) ile beslendi. Ekstrude karışımla besleme verimliliği hektar olarak gölet yüzeyine göre; tahıl takviyesi yapılanlara kıyasla iki, sadece doğal gıda sağlananlara göre ise üç kat artırmış oldu. Etlerdeki n-3:n-6 oranı diyete bağlı olarak varyasyon gösterdi. İnsan tüketimi için tercih edilen doymamış: doymuş yağ asidi ve çoklu doymamış: doymuş yağ asidi oranı ekstrude karışımla beslenen balıkların etinden elde edildi. Sonuç olarak, yeterli miktarda işlenmiş bitkisel küspe ve ürünlerin kullanımı sazanlar için önemli protein kaynağı olabilir ve ürünün gıda kalitesini artırabilir.

Interactive effects of dietary protein level and oil source on proximate composition and fatty acid composition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…Namely, increased level of carbohydrates resulted in increasing deposition of fat, both around visceral organs and in muscle tissue. Similar findings were noticed after the inclusion of carbohydraterich grains in the feed of common carp in a semi-intensive system (Vasha et al, 2007;Ljubojević et al, 2013b;Trbović et al, 2013). A negative correlation between the fat and water contents in the flesh of the carp was also previously shown (Ljubojević et al, 2013c,d).…”

“…Authors noted protein sparing effect with the use of ingredients rich in carbohydrates, and this effect was pronounced when protein level was suboptimal, compared to optimal protein level in diets for common carp fingerlings. Moreover, Ć irković et al (2012) and Ljubojević et al (2013b) reported that common carp can be successfully reared in earthen ponds without additional feed or with supplemented feed of vegetable origin with the use of appropriate agrotechnical measures. Protein sparing effect was confirmed in the present study, and similar results regarding production performance were found when diets with 330 g kg À1 and 280 g kg À1 protein were used.…”

“…This is particularly the case in cage culture systems where natural food loses its significance. The extruded feed increases production costs, but farm production is approximately three times higher in comparison with the extensive system when fish are fed with grains (Ljubojević et al, 2013b). Reduced costs could be achieved by replacing animal origin feedstuffs (FM and FO) in the extruded diet with locally available vegetable-derived ingredients.…”

Fat quality of marketable fresh water fish species in the Republic of Serbia

“…The chemical composition of fish varies greatly from one species to another and from one individual to another depending on the diet, age, sex, environment and season (Celik et al 2005;Steffens & Wirth 2007;Guler et al 2008;Buchtová et al 2010). Fatty acid composition also varies largely depending on the fish species, on their being wild fish or farm-raised, on the age of fish and on the origin of diets and its composition Yeganeh et al 2012;Ljubojević et al 2013). Recently, several investigations of the meat quality and safety of fishes from Serbian fishponds were carried out Ćirković et al 2012;Ljubojević et al 2013), but there is no available data concerning fatty acids and chemical composition of warm water fish species on Serbian market.…”

“…Fatty acid composition also varies largely depending on the fish species, on their being wild fish or farm-raised, on the age of fish and on the origin of diets and its composition Yeganeh et al 2012;Ljubojević et al 2013). Recently, several investigations of the meat quality and safety of fishes from Serbian fishponds were carried out Ćirković et al 2012;Ljubojević et al 2013), but there is no available data concerning fatty acids and chemical composition of warm water fish species on Serbian market. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the chemical and fatty acid compositions of commercially important fishes (common carp, silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, Wels catfish, and zander) which were collected from retail stores in the area of Novi Sad.…”