Production Risks and Food Security under Alternative Technology Choices in Malawi: Application of a Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression

Kassie, Menale; Teklewold, Hailemariam; Marenya, Paswel; Jaleta, Moti; Erenstein, Olaf

doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12099

Cited by 174 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Dwindling rainfall situations in Trans-Mara East, corroborate with other studies from the rest of Kenya (Barrett and Carter 2013;Kithia 2014;Oluoko-Odingo 2009). Such circumstances can destabilise smallholders' capacity to fight poverty and progress towards local-level sustainability objectives (Kassie et al, 2015;Labbé et al 2016;Wambua and Omoke 2014). The resulting adverse impacts will in the long run affect both the human Very high including loss of stock by death or pre-emptive sale, High overcame with sourced feed, Low with in-sourced feed Fig.…”

Section: Smallholders Perception On Climate Variability and Change Pesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This will likely jeopardise on the journey towards realising the much desired sustainable development objectives at the downstream levels (Kassie et al, 2015;Labbé et al 2016;Wambua and Omoke 2014). Diminishing household livelihood situations in rural areas is largely attributed to climate uncertainties which constrict crop and livestock performance (Mertz et al 2009a;Oluoko-Odingo 2011).…”

Section: Smallholders Perception On Climate Variability and Change Pementioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change adaptive capacity and smallholder farming in Trans-Mara East sub-County, Kenya

Simotwo

Mikalitsa

Wambua

2018

Geoenviron Disasters

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Background: At the centre of smallholders' adaptation is a need to understand their perceptions on key climatic scenarios so as to glean helpful information for key decision-making processes. In Kenya at the moment, downstream information regarding these circumstances remain scanty, with many smallholders being 'on their own', in spite of the imminent threats from shifting precipitation patterns, rising temperatures, and intensifying droughts. At the sub-national levels, potential impacts of these situations are likely to deepen due to extensive cases of land use transformations, habitat degradation, plummeting water resources capacity and common inter-ethnic conflicts, among other negative externalities. The study examined current climatic situations in Trans-Mara East sub-County, to the south-western part of Kenya, as well as the smallholders' perceptions about the situations, their adaptation levels and constraints thereof. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient, indicated a weak positive association between smallholder's perceptions and either their age, marital status, level of education, or livelihood streams (r ≤ 0.1; p ≥ 0.05, for all), unlike their climatic perceptions and farm sizes which showed a strong positive association (r = 0.430; p ≤ 0.01). Key desired adaptation options, improving crop varieties, livestock feeding techniques and crop diversification, topped their options, with destocking being least desired. Education levels (r = 0.229; p ≤ 0.05) and farm sizes (r = 0.534; p ≤ 0.01) had a positively significant association with adaptive capacity, in addition to a significantly weak, association between their adaptive capacity and both their individual's marital status (r = 0.154; p ≥ 0.05) and diversity of livelihood streams (r = 0.034; p ≥ 0.05). The analysis also showed a weak negative association between their adaptive capacity and age (r = − 0.026; p ≥ 0.05). Amid the key constraints which emerged include high cost of farm inputs, limited access to credit and market uncertainties, among others. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significantly strong negative association between smallholders' constraints and both (r ≥ − 0.3; p ≤ 0.01) their level of education, and diversity of livelihood streams. A significantly strong positive association (r = 0.280; p ≤ 0.01) was identified between smallholder's age and constraints, while marital status and farm sizes both (r ≤ − 0.01; p ≥ 0.05) revealed weak non-significant negative association with the constraints.

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Section: Smallholders Perception On Climate Variability and Change Pesupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Smallholders Perception On Climate Variability and Change Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change adaptive capacity and smallholder farming in Trans-Mara East sub-County, Kenya

Simotwo

Mikalitsa

Wambua

2018

Geoenviron Disasters

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“…Recent studies on adoption of SAPs use multivariate or seemingly unrelated multivariate probit regression models (Marenya and Barrett, 2007;Teklewold et al, 2013a;Kassie et al, 2013;Kamau et al, 2014) to asses factors that affect adoption but do not analyse the impacts of (combinations of) these SAPs on crop yields and incomes of smallholder farmers. To our knowledge, the only studies that assess the impact of SAPs in Africa are by Teklewold et al (2013b) and Kassie et al (2014c) in Ethiopia and Malawi respectively. However, Ethiopia has different ecological conditions and agricultural policies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also include residue retention as one of the three SAPs as very little empirical evidence exists on the effects of residue retention (or a combination of residue retention with other SAPs) on crop yields and incomes. Neither Teklewold et al (2013b) nor Kassie et al (2014c) have analyzed the adoption and/or impacts of residue retention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In assessing the adoption decisions, the multinomial endogenous treatment effects model allows the modelling of interdependency among the different SAPs. Compared with the computationally cumbersome multinomial endogenous switching regression model used by Teklewold et al (2013b) and Kassie et al (2014c), the multinomial endogenous treatment effects model is easier to implement and also allows the distribution of the endogenous treatment (adoption of SAPs) and outcomes (income and yield) to be specified using a latent factor structure, thereby allowing a distinction to be made between selection on unobservables and selection on observables (Deb and Trivedi, 2006b). In addition, the chapter uses comprehensive plot-level data combined with household level characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Econometric analysis of improved maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in Eastern Zambia

Manda

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Maize is the principle food staple in Zambia, providing both food and income for most of the rural populace. It is estimated that over 50% of the daily caloric intake is derived from maize;with an average consumption of over 85kg per year. Because of the importance of maize, a number of improved maize varieties and sustainable crop management practices have been developed to increase its productivity. Despite these improved agricultural technologies being available for some time now, few studies have analyzed the adoption impacts of these technologies on the economic well-being of smallholder farmers in Zambia. To fill this gap in the literature, this thesis assesses the adoption and impacts of improved maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) on the welfare of smallholder farmers in the Eastern province of Zambia. To accomplish this objective, we use a number of novel econometric approaches and a comprehensive household survey data from a sample of 810 rural households and 3788 plots. First, the findings suggest that the adoption of improved maize varieties is determined by a whole range of factors that include land cultivated, education of the household head and the total asset holdings of the household. Second, the results show that the adoption of improved maize varieties is associated with higher levels of income, food security, child nutritional status and lower levels of poverty. Third, the counterfactual analysis applied in this thesis shows that if non-adopters had adopted improved maize varieties, they would have realized higher levels of welfare than they currently have. Fourth, the results show that adoption of improved maize alone has greater impacts on maize yields, but given the high cost of inorganic fertilizer that limits the profitability of adoption of improved maize, higher household incomes are associated rather with the adoption of multiple SAPs.

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Impact of climate smart agriculture on households’ resilience and vulnerability: An example from Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

et al. 2023

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Climate change is causing serious challenges for smallholder farm households, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The overarching objectives of this study are as follows: (i) to estimate household resilience and vulnerability indices, (ii) identify factors that explain these indices and (iii) to examine the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) on households' resilience and vulnerability, and (iv) to identify which CSA package performs better in enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability. For this study, 278 farm households from 4 districts and 8 kebeles from the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia were randomly selected using a threestage proportional to size sampling procedure. Cross-sectional data applying a structured and pretested survey questionnaire was collected for 2020/21 production season. Household resilience and vulnerability indices were estimated using resilience index and measurement analysis and indicators approaches, respectively. Multinomial endogenous switching regression was used to estimate the average treatment effects (ATEs) of the adoption of CSA practices on households' resilience and vulnerability. The results show that livestock holding, land size, level of education, and state of food consumption are major explaining factors of resilience, whereas educational level of households, livestock holding, and access to credit are found to be major factors explaining vulnerability. The estimated ATEs indicate that households which adopted more diversified combinations of CSA packages were more resilient and less vulnerable than non-adopter households. The impacts of soil fertility management and conservation agriculture practices have better performance in improving resilience, whereas conservation agriculture and small-scale irrigation performed better in reducing the vulnerability of rural households in CRV. Boosting resilience and reducing vulnerability, hence, requires scaling up CSA among smallholder farmers by diversifying and raising farm households' income, educational status, and livestock holding.

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Production Risks and Food Security under Alternative Technology Choices in Malawi: Application of a Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression

Cited by 174 publications

References 36 publications

Climate change adaptive capacity and smallholder farming in Trans-Mara East sub-County, Kenya

Climate change adaptive capacity and smallholder farming in Trans-Mara East sub-County, Kenya

Econometric analysis of improved maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in Eastern Zambia

Impact of climate smart agriculture on households’ resilience and vulnerability: An example from Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

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