Production of sophorolipids synthesized on castor oil with glucose and glycerol by using Starmerella bombicola (ATCC 22214)

Abstract

Biosurfactants such as sophorolipids are natural and eco‐friendly surfactants that are used in cosmetics and health care products. In addition to surfactant properties, sophorolipids also possess antimicrobial and skin healing properties. In the present work, castor oil (10%) was used as a non‐conventional carbon source in combination with glucose (10%) or with glycerol (15%) for fermentative production of novel sophorolipids by using Starmerella bombicola (ATCC 22214). The yields of sophorolipids are 6.1 g/L on castor oil with glucose as a carbon source and 2.7 g/L on castor oil with glycerol as a carbon source analyzed by anthrone method and HPLC. The structures of sophorolipids synthesized on castor oil were elucidated by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H NMR of the purified compounds. The results indicated the incorporation of ricinoleic acid into sophorolipids without omega‐1 oxygenation step that is required for incorporation of oleic acid into sophorolipids. It resulted in the production of novel sophorolipids that can find various applications as cosmetic ingredients and antimicrobial agents. Practical applications: Castor oil, widely produced in India, contains palmitic acid (1–2%), strearic acid (1–2%), oleic acid (6–8%), linoleic acid (0.5–1%), and mainly ricinoleic acid (80–90%). The presence of hydroxyl fatty acid as ricinoleic acid makes castor oil different from other vegetable oils. Therefore, castor oil is being used as a valuable raw material in various chemicals industries. The present work proved that castor oil can be used as a new substrate for the production of sophorolipids with a novel structure having hydroxyl group on the moiety. The end product can be used for enhancement of surfactant properties in combination with a chemically synthesized surfactant.

Castor Oil as Secondary Carbon Source for Production of Sophorolipids Using <i>Starmerella bombicola</i> NRRL Y-17069

“…This study proves that compound with C 18 having hydroxyl group and free ω or ω-1 it follows both the pathways of hydroxylation as well as direct incorporation. It was observed from the above all analysis results that Bhangale et al 28 has worked on sophorolipid production using castor oil but with growth inhibition and lower yield problems which were solved using fed batch technique in fermentor 5L with optimized aeration and agitation. Bhangale et al also explained hydroxylation at ω-1 position is not required for sophorolipids production in presence of castor oil with reference of Brakemeier et al 29 .…”

“…Substrates In all the previous sophorolipid studies 14,28 , hexane was used as solvent to remove unused residual oil. This study reveals that castor oil and sophorolipids both are insoluble in hexane.…”

Development of biobased polyurethane‐imides from maleinized cottonseed oil and castor oil

“…In continuation, the current report intends to explore the potentiality of CSO as a readily available, inexpensive, and highly unsaturated renewable resource to develop a biobased precursor for the production of eco‐friendly polymeric materials. Other than CSO, castor oil (CO), a nonedible VO, is available in plenty in India and has been used majorly in the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes . CO is obtained from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant, and it is safe, nonedible, and biocompatible .…”

“…Other than CSO, castor oil (CO), a nonedible VO, is available in plenty in India and has been used majorly in the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes. 8 CO is obtained from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant, and it is safe, nonedible, and biocompatible. 9 At present, India stands as the world's largest producer of the CO (approximately 85%) trailed by China and Brazil.…”

Semicontinuous sophorolipid fermentation using a novel bioreactor with dual ventilation pipes and dual sieve‐plates coupled with a novel separation system

“…Recent studies on SLs have focused on utilizing cheap substrates (Shah et al, 2007;Solaiman et al, 2014) and improving production efficiency (Daverey and Pakshirajan, 2009). Several substrates were explored for replacing glucose in the SL fermentation medium, such as glycerol (Bhangale et al, 2014), sugarcane molasses (Takahashi et al, 2011) and corncob hydrolysate (Konishi et al, 2015). Maddikeri et al (2015) produced 55.6 g l À1 SLs from waste frying oil using ultrasound technology.…”