Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review

Effendi, Agus Jatnika; Gerhauser, H.; Bridgwater, Anthony V.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.008

Cited by 477 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Nonetheless, many aspects of the pyrolysis pathway are still under investigation. The diverse array of research into biomass pyrolysis is multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional and includes Pyrolysis Oil (PO) characterization, kinetic studies, new distillation systems like vacuum distillations system, computational fluid dynamics, design of new reactors, new catalytic systems, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, optimizing the pyrolysis yield, process intensification, techno-economic analysis, molecular distillation system, environmental assessment, in addition to enterprise-wide and supply chain optimization [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Now-a-day biomass has an un ignorable importance in our life and in industries as an interesting renewable resource used to provide second generation of biofuels or chemicals [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Phenol from Bio-oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes

Shah¹,

Cv²,

Ac³

et al. 2017

Mod Chem appl

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The aim of this study was to separate phenol from Bio-Oil obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural wastes (BAW). The BAW was obtained in one step catalytic pyrolysis in which temperature of the reactor was kept at 30°C and then increased up to 900°C. After pyrolysis, the BAW was distillated and analyzed by Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC/TOFMS) Where BAW showed the presence of more than 120 other important compounds and phenol. After detection, phenol was separated by solvent extraction method, where Ethyl ether (C 4 H 10 O), Caustic soda (NaOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used to separate phenol from BAW and then Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was done to confirm the recovery of phenol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Phenol from Bio-oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes

Shah¹,

Cv²,

Ac³

et al. 2017

Mod Chem appl

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“…However, the product distribution significantly changes. For instance, the toluene selectivity increases from 9.8% at 573 K to 39.8% at 673 K and alters a little at higher temperature, while the selectivity of alkanes (including methylcyclohexane, 1,3-dimethylcyclopentane, and C [3][4][5][6] ) sharply declines from 88.2% at 573 K to 4.4% at 723 K. The p-/m-xylene and o-xylene selectivities have similar variation trend as the toluene selectivity, with separately reaching 16.3% and 4.7% at 673 K and changing a little at higher temperature. Selectivities of benzene and polyalkylated benzenes also raise and reach up to 13.8% and 3.3% at 723 K, respectively.…”

Section: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation Of M-cresol Over Pt/z-57mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin, a residue of pulp/paper industries and lignocellulosics-to-ethanol bioprocess [5], is a highly cross-linked, oxygenated aromatic polymer consisted of methoxylated phenylpropane units [6]. In this view, lignin is an abundant, inexpensive and renewable resource of aromatic compounds, such as BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes), and may be an attractive alternative resource for producing p-/m-xylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Selectively Catalytic Conversion of Lignin-Based Phenols into para-/m-Xylene over Pt/HZSM-5

2016

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Abstract:High selectively catalytic conversion of lignin-based phenols (m-cresol, p-cresol, and guaiacol) into para-/m-xylene was performed over Pt/HZSM-5 through hydrodeoxygenation and in situ methylation with methanol. It is found that the p-/m-xylene selectivity is uniformly higher than 21%, and even increase up to 33.5% for m-cresol (with phenols/methanol molar ratio of 1/8). The improved p-/m-xylene selectivity in presence of methanol is attributed to the combined reaction pathways: methylation of m-cresol into xylenols followed by HDO into p-/m-xylene, and HDO of m-cresol into toluene followed by methylation into p-/m-xylene. Comparison of the product distribution over a series of catalysts indicates that both metals and supporters have distinct effect on the p-/m-xylene selectivity.

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“…Phenolic molecules from lignin have been incorporated into phenolic resins, but often the reactivity is lower than pure phenol due to the substituents on the aromatic ring. 110 …”

Section: Part 4: Aromatic Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

How well can renewable resources mimic commodity monomers and polymers?

Mathers

2011

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

221

100

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This highlight discusses the recent progress aimed at maximizing the potential of biomass for commodity monomers and polymers. These efforts are no longer solely academic issues. In recent years, a variety of alkene, diene, aromatic, and condensation type monomers have utilized renewable resources, such as cellulose, lignin, plant oils, starches, and monoterpenes in commercial polymers. Generally, these multifaceted efforts involve pretreatment of biomass with thermal, chemical, or physical methods followed by a catalyst sequence that entails a combination of acid-catalysis, bio-catalysis, or metal-based catalysis. In this regard, synthesis strategies for ethylene, propylene, a-olefins, methylmethacrylate, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, isoprene, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid are discussed as well as opportunities for other renewable-based monomers. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] 2012

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Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review

Cited by 477 publications

References 32 publications

Separation of Phenol from Bio-oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes

Separation of Phenol from Bio-oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes

High Selectively Catalytic Conversion of Lignin-Based Phenols into para-/m-Xylene over Pt/HZSM-5

How well can renewable resources mimic commodity monomers and polymers?

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