Production of precipitated calcium carbonate particles from gypsum waste using venturi tubes as a carbonation zone

Ultrasonic-assisted production of precipitated calcium carbonate particles from desulfurization gypsum

“…2 (b)), respectively. This agreed well with those from our previous study and indicated that the venturi tube had a strong effect on the precipitation rate of PCC [12] . Furthermore, the use of ultrasonic treatment in the carbonation zone of the venturi tube resulted in a faster reaction due to the higher nucleation rate of PCC particles (experiment code; Na-C-UV and Na-V-US, Fig.…”

“…2 (c)–(d)). The working principle of this apparatus was explained in detail in our previous study [12] . In each experiment, the CO 2 flow was switched off to complete the carbonation when the pH of the solution decreased to the desired level.…”

“…Owing to the importance of the properties of PCC particles in these sectors, many studies have been conducted regarding the production of PCC particles with different polymorphs such as calcite [6] , aragonite [7] , [8] , vaterite [9] , and amorphous PCC [10] ). The particle size distributions and crystal shapes are also studied from different resources such as industrial tailings [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , dolomite [7] , [16] , lime [17] , or limestone [18] ), using different production methods, including chemical precipitation [19] , [20] and mineral carbonation [21] . Researchers [22] indicate that many reactors are designed to be used for the production of PCC particles.…”

Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-Rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review

“…PG is produced during phosphoric acid production, DG is generated in power plants through a reaction between sulfur gas and lime or limestone sorbents in the desulphurization unit, while RG is the waste from processing ilmenite ore to obtain TiO 2 particles. The waste PG and DG consist mainly of CaO, SO 3 , and water, as well as minor impurities such as Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 [95]. Due to the high calcium content, gypsum wastes have great potential to be used for CO 2 sequestration and calcium carbonate production.…”

Phosphogypsum recycling into inorganic dyes

“…But such form of its recycling leads to uncontrolled land pollution with impurities contained in phosphogypsum. Besides, such use of phosphogypsum -a valuable raw material for the production of some major inorganic substances, such as calcium carbonate [20][21][22], calcium sulfoaluminate [23], lithium sulfate monohydrate, calcium sulfate [22], and lime [24] -is economically impractical.…”