Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-Rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review

Abstract

Technologies for the management of various types of waste and the production of useful products from them are currently widely studied. Both carbon dioxide and calcium-rich waste from various production processes are problematic wastes that can be used to produce calcium carbonate. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the state of the development of processes that use these two wastes to obtain a valuable CaCO3 powder. The paper reviews the current research on the use of post-distillation liquid from the Solvay process, steelmaking slag, concrete, cement, and gypsum waste as well as some others industrial Ca-rich waste streams in the calcium carbonate precipitation process via carbonation route. This work is an attempt to collect the available information on the possibility of influencing the characteristics of the obtained calcium carbonate. It also indicates the possible limitations and implementation problems of the proposed technologies.

Study of the Effect of Leucine on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in a Circular Economy Perspective

“…This is particularly worthwhile as mineral carbonation of CO 2 is one of the carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies that is thermodynamically favored and cheap; therefore, it is suitable for large-scale commercialization. This route ensures effective recycling of both gaseous CO 2 and liquid industrial waste, turning CO 2 into a final product of industrial interest, which is in line with a circular economy approach [8]. An industrial example is the postdistillation liquid from the Solvay Process (production of sodium carbonate, soda-ash), that is a Ca-rich waste [9]; if not correctly disposed of, this waste is responsible for the strong salinity of nearby groundwater with calcium chloride pollution of natural water reservoirs and soil [10].…”

Investigating the Effect of Leucine on Calcium Carbonate Nucleation Mechanisms in the View of a Circular Economy

“…Calcite is the most stable phase of the CaCO 3 at any temperature, while vaterite and aragonite are metastable phases . Among the polymorphs, vaterite particles are particularly useful in a variety of applications, because they are more soluble in water and have unique mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, such as high porosity and specific surface area . Additionally, low toxicity and biological inertness make vaterite particles a desirable choice for many applications (e.g., abrasives, adsorbents, fillers, and emulsion stabilizers), improving the rheology, physical properties and aspect of products …”

“…10 Among the polymorphs, vaterite particles are particularly useful in a variety of applications, because they are more soluble in water and have unique mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, such as high porosity and specific surface area. 6 Additionally, low toxicity and biological inertness make vaterite particles a desirable choice for many applications (e.g., abrasives, adsorbents, fillers, and emulsion stabilizers), 11 improving the rheology, physical properties and aspect of products. 12 Besides the choice of the more suitable experimental conditions to orient CaCO 3 precipitation, in order to obtain calcium carbonate crystals with the preferred features and to promote crystallization, the addition of additives in a supersaturated solution is a common technique usually employed to modify and influence nucleation and crystal growth mechanisms.…”

“…4 The synthesis of CaCO 3 through the carbonation method can be considered an ecofriendly and innovative process, since it merges the need for CO 2 emissions mitigation with the production of a high added-value compound, 5 which is in line with a circular economy approach. 6 The coupled CO 2 capture and CaCO 3 crystallization process could provide a sustainable route to precipitate calcium carbonate; the last, being a highadded value product, could, in turn, facilitate the economic feasibility of the overall CO 2 capture and crystallization scheme. 7 For that reason, the transformation of CO 2 into a precipitated mineral carbonate through the carbonation method represents a promising route in carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies.…”

“…As a matter of fact, a single CO 2 reduction strategy is not practical, while the use of different techniques appears to be a more pragmatic approach for financing, political and environmental reasons. 7 Moreover, calcium carbonate precipitation is a desired occurrence in a variety of industrial plants, such as in the ammonia−soda (Solvay) process 6 or in membrane-based desalination facilities, where it is critical to reduce fouling of reverse osmosis membranes brought on by precipitation of carbonate and sulfate calcium salts. In desalination plants some additives are added in the seawater pretreatment train to eliminate the saline solution's fouling ions, protecting the RO membrane surfaces from scale formation.…”