Production of novel biodiesel from transesterification over KF-modified Ca–Al hydrotalcite catalyst

Abstract

A series of KF-modified Ca-Al hydrotalcite (xKF/HTL-M) solid base catalysts was prepared in methanol, and characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption (CO 2 -TPD). The catalytic activity was investigated in the transesterification of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) with methyl laurate (ML) to produce a novel biodiesel of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether monolaurate (EGMEML). The effect of the mass content of KF and the main reaction parameters such as EGME to ML molar ratio, amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature on the yield of EGMEML were examined.The results indicate that a new phase of KCaF 3 formed in xKF/HTL-M, and acted as the main active sites for the transesterification. In addition, xKF/HTL-M has excellent catalytic performance in the production of EGMEML. The highest yield of 97.7% was obtained over 24.7KF/HTL-M at EGME/ML molar ratio of 3.0, catalyst amount of 5 wt%, and reaction time of 4 h at 120 C. Moreover, the catalyst displays a good stability and reutilization. A satisfactory yield of 90% was obtained after use for five consecutive cycles without significant deactivation. Finally, the activation energy (E a ) of the reaction of EGME with ML over 24.7KF/HTL-M was obtained as 27.11 kJ mol À1 .

Montmorillonite-supported KF/CaO: a new solid base catalyst for biodiesel production

“…00-027-0431) was observed. When the loading amount of KF was 40 wt%, CaF 2 and K 2 O diffraction intensity remained approximately constant, which may have resulted from excess KF covering the active sites, and dispersing well on the catalyst surface, so that the characteristic peaks of KF were not obviously emerged [33][34][35].…”

“…3a), for basicity and basic strength play a significant role [27] in transesterification. Two desorption peaks between 470-610°C and 610-730°C were observed for Ca/MMT and KCa/MMT-10, the former is due to the interaction of CO 2 with the moderate basic sites [31][32][33]; the latter ascribes to decomposition of the structural carbonate [36,37]. The structural carbonate might be generated during a long time period or impregnation process [37], whereas only one desorption peak between 550 and 700°C was found from that of KCa/MMT-20, 30 and 40, which is attributable to strong basic sites [38].…”

A Highly‐Efficient KF‐Modified Nanorod Support Zr−Ce Oxide Catalyst and its Application

“…Meanwhile, the process would need more power consumption for adequate stirring. Thus, the catalyst amount of 5 % is expected to be optimum in this catalytic reaction system ,…”

Efficient KF loaded on MgCaAl hydrotalcite-like compounds in the transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil

“…In these works, the mass ratio of KF was 1:1, with higher methanol/oil molar ratio 12:1. Additionally, it has been reported that this family of materials shows great stability after many reuse cycles in the transesterification reaction [28][29][30].…”