Production of “no-carrier-added” 201Tl

Extraction of Thallium with Butyl Acetate

“…It is well known that thallium can be extracted by organics in the form ofHTIC4 (19)(20)(21)(22). Since the reported technique for the extraction of thallium by BuAc (12,13) presumes the necessity of a high concentration of CI-in the aqueous phase, we decided to investigate the influence of CI-concentration on the extraction equilibria. The separation of tracer levels of 201Pb from the bulk of the metallic target 203TI is usually preceded by dissolution of the target material in 5.0 mol-dmt ' H 2 S0 4 , and the extraction is carried out from this acidic solution.…”

“…A complete technological scheme based on extraction has been reported for the routine production of radiopharmaceutic 201TICI (12,13). However, no systematic investigation of the extraction equilibria applied in this method has been carried out.…”

“…Many methods, such as precipitation, coprecipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, and their combinations, have been proposed for the purpose (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The highest tolerable concentration of inactive thallium in radiopharmaceutical preparation is 2 or 5 mg·dm~3, defined by the United States and European Pharmacopoeia, respectively (17,18).…”

Investigation of activation cross-sections of proton induced nuclear reactions on natTl up to 42MeV: Review, new data and evaluation

“…Presently the 203 T l(p, 3n) reaction is used exclusively for production of 201 T l. In the next chapters we are * Corresponding author: ditroi@atomki.hu discussing only this production route together with side reactions during bombardment of thallium target with protons. In Table 2 we have collected the most important physical parameters of the experiments related to the measurement of activation cross-section and yield of proton induced nuclear reactions on thallium (Al-Saleh et al, 2007;Blue et al, 1978;Bonardi, 1987;Dmitriev et al, 1976;Hanna et al, 1977;Hermanne et al, 1992;Kernert et al, 1983;Lagunas-Solar et al, 1978;Lebowitz et al, 1975;Malinin et al, 1984;MilazzoColli et al, 1975;Qaim et al, 1979;Sakai et al, 1965;Sattari et al, 2003). According to Table 2, a large number of papers was published on T l(p, x) 201 Pb −→ 201 T l production and chemistry, on compilation of the earlier experimental data and on the calculation of crosssection by using different theoretical model codes.…”

Recovery of 201Tl by ion exchange chromatography from proton bombarded thallium cyclotron targets

“…The first detailed study was performed by Qaim et al [6] who separated the radiolead by co-precipitation followed by an ion-exchange separation of 201 Tl. Later methods include extractions [7Ϫ9], ion exchange chromatography [10,11], the precipitation of 201 Tl combined with anion exchange chromatography [12] and co-precipitation of the lead radioisotopes followed by an extraction step [13] or an ion exchange chromatographic step [14,15].…”