Production of nickel-rich LiNi_0.89Co_0.08Al_0.03O₂ cathode material for high capacity NCA/graphite secondary battery fabrication

Abstract

Li-ion secondary battery is highly recommended as a power source to highly advanced battery electric vehicles. Among various types, the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) battery is considered suitable for high energy and power application. In this study, the NCA cathode material LiNi0.89Co0.08Al0.03O2 was produced via the oxalate co-precipitation technique to reduce the overall production cost and process complexity. Oxalic acid and a small amount of sodium hydroxide were used as the precipitant and pH regulator, respectively. Homogenous and loose metal oxalate precipitate formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. XRD patterns of the as-obtained micron-sized NCA showed a well-layered hexagonal structure. The electrochemical properties of the cathode in the full cell were thoroughly examined. The specific discharge capacity of the as-obtained NCA in NCA/LiPF6/graphite at a current rate of 20 mA/g was 142 mAh/g. The as-prepared NCA sample had capacity retention of 80% after being charged and discharged at 0.1 A/g for 101 cycles. Scaling up of NCA production process to 2 kg per batch was conducted and evaluation of NCA product quality was performed by material characterization. Based on the overall results and considering the overall process, such an approach is expected to be developed and improved for future large-scale production purposes.

Evaluation of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) 111 and Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) products

“…Table 3 11.71±0.67. [13] The ratio of these three atoms is close to 1:1:1, this means that all atoms have an even distribution throughout the place [14] (a) 500x…”

“…Based on their use, batteries are divided into two types, namely primary batteries and secondary batteries. Primary batteries are batteries that can only be used for one-time use [1]. While the secondary battery is a battery that can be used repeatedly (rechargeable).…”

Synthesis of Li-Ion Battery Cathode Material: Conversion of Cheap Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate to High Performance LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂

“…In the sample there is a sharp peak indicating that the sample has a good crystal structure. The Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2C2O4.2H2O (NMC532 precursor-oxalate) also displays a slightly sharp peak which indicates the influence of the crystallinity of the metals Ni, Mn, and Co [10]. However, on the test results curve, there are still small peaks that appear which indicate the presence of impurities such as oxalate groups, which causes the precursors to be amorphous.…”

“…The electrochemical performance test on the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) sample was carried out in a cylindrical cell with NMC532 as the cathode and graphite as the anode. The sample is tested by charging up to a voltage of 4.25 V. Then the battery sample is discharging until the voltage drops to 2.5 V. Charging-discharging the battery aims to determine the specific capacity of the battery [22]. The specific capacity of the battery indicates the amount of current flowing in the unit of time (hours).…”

Characterization of Femnpo4 Precursors as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Lifemnpo4 Batteries With Variation of Ph Coprecipitation

“…In addition, lithium-ion batteries are needed, especially for vehicles that have an energy source from electric energy / electric vehicles. The demand for lithium-ion batteries is always increasing from year to year [2]. This is due to the ability to store energy longer and also the increased battery life cycle.…”