Production of new 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration by rapid prototyping

Abstract

The incidence of bone disorders, whether due to trauma or pathology, has been trending upward with the aging of the worldwide population. The currently available treatments for bone injuries are rather limited, involving mainly bone grafts and implants. A particularly promising approach for bone regeneration uses rapid prototyping (RP) technologies to produce 3D scaffolds with highly controlled structure and orientation, based on computer-aided design models or medical data. Herein, tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/alginate scaffolds were produced using RP and subsequently their physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties were characterized. The results showed that 60/40 of TCP and alginate formulation was able to match the compression and present a similar Young modulus to that of trabecular bone while presenting an adequate biocompatibility. Moreover, the biomineralization ability, roughness and macro and microporosity of scaffolds allowed cell anchoring and proliferation at their surface, as well as cell migration to its interior, processes that are fundamental for osteointegration and bone regeneration.

Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Aloe Vera_Chitosan Nanofibrous Asymmetric Membranes Aimed for Wound Healing Applications

“…In the area of tissue engineering, the porosity of a material is essential to provide void spaces for cell accommodation, migration and also for the exchange of nutrients between the 3D construct and the surrounding environment [50]. Herein, a liquid displacement method was used to determine membrane porosity (ethanol was used as displacement fluid) [67]. The data obtained is presented in Figure 5A and reveals that top layer (PCL) displays the lowest porosity (55 ± 5%), which is essential for avoiding microorganism penetration [15,41].…”

A Review of the Synthesis and Applications of Polymer–Nanoclay Composites

“…Polymer/nanoclay composites may help to repair and/or replace damaged tissue/organs [175]. For example, polymer/nanoclay-based scaffolds have been successfully implemented in cell-transplantation applications in neural tissue engineering prepared with several advanced strategies and exhibit a high degree of porosity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability [176][177][178]. The loading amount of nanoclay in the composite matrix has a substantial effect on the storage and elastic modulus of scaffolds [179][180][181].…”

Bone and Soft Tissues Integration in Porous Titanium Implants (Experimental Research)

“…N. Tsukimura с соавторами и T. ueno с соавторами установили, что наличие шероховатой поверхности имплантата ускоряет остеоинтеграцию на ранних этапах и позволяет увеличить поверхность контакта инплантат-кость [23,24]. сайчас в ортопедии широко применяются имплантаты из трабекулярного металла, известные своими остеоинтгеративными свойствами [25]. Также в литературе описано использование протеза надколенника из трабекулярного металла после пателэктомии или в ходе ревизионных операций при массивной потере костной ткани надколенника, когда пателлярный компонент имплантируется в мягкие ткани сухожилия четырехглавой мышцы бедра и связки надколенника [26][27][28].…”