Production of monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma cells immobilized in 3D sol–gel silica matrices

Sol–gel immobilized ovarian follicles: collaboration between two different cell types in hormone production and secretion

“…Alternatively, the matrix was prepared by mixing 50 mL of THEOS and 50 mL of a mixture of equal volumes of culture media and 0.13 M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. 69 The follicles were encapsulated by in situ sol-gel entrapment, i.e. both TEOS and THEOS matrices were prepared in the wells containing the follicles.…”

Two schemes for production of biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR01: Applying residues from soybean oil industry and silica sol–gel immobilized cells

“…From the time Carturan et al [14] first introduced the encapsulation of living microorganisms in sol-gel silica matrices, other researchers reported the extension of this process to other cell types [15,16] such as bacteria, yeast, algae and mammalian cells. These were all successfully immobilized in silica matrices [9,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Silica–PEG gel immobilization of mammalian cells

“…26,27 Water-based precursors such as silica nanoparticles or sodium silicate are proven to be more biocompatible for the encapsulation of HUVEC and hybridoma cells. 27,28 Recently, alkoxide tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)orthosilicate (THEOS) gels are shown to provide high level of viability to encapsulated hybridoma cells, allowing functionality for antibody production and release. 28 Hybrid cell encapsulation approaches are also used where cells are rst embedded in a polymeric capsule (e.g., alginate) and then covered with a silica shell (e.g., alkoxide or sodium silicate) maintaining the functionality of the eukaryotic cells by isolating them from the silica interface.…”

“…27,28 Recently, alkoxide tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)orthosilicate (THEOS) gels are shown to provide high level of viability to encapsulated hybridoma cells, allowing functionality for antibody production and release. 28 Hybrid cell encapsulation approaches are also used where cells are rst embedded in a polymeric capsule (e.g., alginate) and then covered with a silica shell (e.g., alkoxide or sodium silicate) maintaining the functionality of the eukaryotic cells by isolating them from the silica interface. 19,29,30 In all of the studies described above (both for organic and inorganic gels), the main aim was to create a synthetic ecosystem where the encapsulated eukaryotes were partially isolated from their immediate environments but continued to live and function normally.…”