Production of mono-, di-, and triglycerides from waste fatty acids through esterification with glycerol

Abstract

Currently monoglyceride and diglyceride are representing important products, as they have numerous applications such as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the production of these economically value added compounds by estrifying the fatty acids with the glycerol is presented. Effects of various reaction parameters were optimized to obtain high yield of mono, di-and triglycerids. The effects of temperature (180˚C to 260˚C), ZnCl 2 catalyst concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), glycerol to fatty acids molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1), agitation speeds (200, 500, 1000 rpm), type of reaction system (opened and closed) and type of fatty acids including oleic and palmatic acids on esterification efficiency of fatty acids were investigated. The optimum conditions of esterification reaction were at temperature 195˚C, molar ratio 1:1, amount of catalyst 0.3% Zncl 2 , and agitation 500 rpm. Analysis of yield showed that at the optimum conditions mondi and triglycerids were produced in high purity, up to 99%. Infrared spectroscopy IR and thin layer chromatograph TLC proved that the final product contains mono, di-and triglycerides.

Esterification Reaction of Glycerol and Palm Oil Oleic Acid Using Methyl Ester Sulfonate Acid Catalyst as Drilling Fluid Formulation

“…Esterification reaction is initiated by reaction between glycerol with palm oleic acid using methyl ester oil sulfonic acid as catalysts on three neck flask equipped with a condensor and a magnetic stirrer at [3], [5], [6], [7]. The ratio of glycerol with palm oleic acid is fixed variable, 1:1 [5], with MESA catalyst concentration 0.5% w/w [5].…”

“…Research of production glycerol ester from glycerol using an acid catalyst has done to obtain a high yield [2], [3], [4], [7]. The molar ratio between glycerol and oleic acid, catalyst concentration, purity of glycerol raw material.…”

Esterification of stearic acid with lower monohydroxylic alcohols

“…The influence of the amount of ZnCl 2 as a catalyst (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt.%) on esterification of glycerol with unsaturated fatty acids (1/1), and at 195 °C was investigated by Mostafa et al [13]. The increase in the concentration of the catalyst reduced the reaction time for reaching the maximum conversion.…”

Kinetic Study of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Esterification with Glycerol over Strong Acidic Cation Exchanger Tulsion 42SM

“…According to the study by Mostafa [8], excessive number of carboxylic acid group could stimulate the side reaction of diglyceride and triglyceride formation to occur. Thus, it was so normal that diglyceride and triglyceride formed were coming from linoleic acid and not oleic acid.…”

“…The reaction between adsorbed glycerol and PFAD occurs in the bulk liquid. The main reaction produced monoglyceride and the two side reactions produced diglyceride and triglyceride [8]. Water as the side product is formed in the bulk liquid so that only mono-, di-, and tri-glyceride need to be desorbed from the catalyst.…”