Production of Middle Distillate Through Hydrocracking of Paraffin Wax Over NiMo/SiO2-Al2O3 Catalysts: Effect of Solvent in the Preparation of SiO2-Al2O3 by a Sol–Gel Method

Abstract

SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 supports were prepared by a solgel method in the presence of distilled water and ethanol, respectively (SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 supports were donated as H-SA and E-SA, respectively). NiMo/SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 catalysts (NiMo/H-SA and NiMo/E-SA) were then prepared by an impregnation method for use in the production of middle distillate (C 10 -C 20 ) through hydrocracking of paraffin wax.

Hydroconversion of n-Decane over Ni–Mo Supported on Modified Halloysite Catalysts

“…These signals were clearly observed in the catalyst prepared from halloysite without acid treatment, whereas in the other catalysts, they were not easily detected, which suggests that the acid treatment perhaps leads to a better dispersion of the active phases. The signals at 2θ = 23.05, 27.23, 33.40, and 49.02° correspond to MoO 3 , whereas those at 2θ = 28.96, 32.62, and 33.98° are assigned to NiMoO 4 , according to the literature. , The signal at 2θ = 26.7° of NiMoO 4 , probably overlaps with that of quartz (26.56°). The NiO signals were not observed, which could be associated with a high dispersion of the same on the support , or the low crystallinity of the formed species.…”

“…The signals at 2θ = 23.05, 27.23, 33.40, and 49.02°c orrespond to MoO 3 , 23 whereas those at 2θ = 28.96, 32.62, and 33.98°are assigned to NiMoO 4 , according to the literature. 4,31 The signal at 2θ = 26.7°of NiMoO 4 31,32 probably overlaps with that of quartz (26.56°). The NiO signals were not observed, which could be associated with a high dispersion of the same on the support 23,33 or the low crystallinity of the formed species.…”

“…The diffractograms of the catalysts (Figure B) indicate small additional signals to the diffraction profile of the supports, assigned to the presence of MoO 3 and NiMoO 4 . These signals were clearly observed in the catalyst prepared from halloysite without acid treatment, whereas in the other catalysts, they were not easily detected, which suggests that the acid treatment perhaps leads to a better dispersion of the active phases.…”

“…The hydrocracking of hydrocarbons is one of the most often used processes in refineries because it allows the transformation of large complex molecules into lighter compounds with a lower heteroatom content, which is key to obtaining cleaner fuels. − One of the biggest problems of the present catalysts in the hydroconversion of hydrocarbons is the rapid deactivation by accumulation of carbonaceous deposits and heavy metal species on the surface or pores of the catalyst. Therefore, the design of new catalysts with pore diameters at the mesopore and macropore levels is required, to minimize the effect of said deactivation and favor the molecular traffic of reagents and products.…”

Production of middle distillate through hydrocracking of paraffin wax over Pd/SiO2–Al2O3 catalysts

“…Long-chain paraffin wax is dehydrogenated on the metal sites, and then isomerized or cracked on the acid sites, and finally hydrogenated on the metal sites [12,13]. Although NiW and NiMo catalysts supported on solid acids have been conventionally used for the production of middle distillate through hydrocracking of wax [14][15][16][17][18], Pd-loaded catalysts have also been widely employed for hydrocracking of wax because they show a high hydrogenation/dehydrogenation activity for hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons [19,20].…”