Production of micro and nano particles of pharmaceutical by supercritical carbon dioxide

Polymorphic properties of micronized mefenamic acid, nabumetone, paracetamol and tolbutamide produced by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS)

“…In general, the results from literature summarized in Table 3 show, that the RESS process enables the formation of drugs with particle diameters in the submicron range below 1 m. In particular, the promising findings for certain polymorphic substances e.g. Carbamazepine [5,47,48], Mefenamic acid [54], Nabumetone [52,55], Paracetamol [45] and Tolbutamide [46] show that there is an increasing need for examination the possibility of using the RESS process to produce submicron drug particles and to control the polymorphic properties of these drug particles.…”

“…Esfandiari [52] and Su et al, [55] investigated the influence of various process parameters such as extraction pressure and temperature, temperature, pre-expansion temperature and postexpansion temperature on particle size. The smallest mean particle size obtained from the RESS experiments was 3.3 m, which is 10 times smaller than unprocessed material.…”

Gas antisolvent fractionation based optical resolution of ibuprofen with enantiopure phenylglycinol

“…With these antisolvent methods, heat-sensitive substances can be micronized to obtain large specific surface areas and thus increased dissolution rates. Antisolvent technologies, especially antisolvent precipitation, were first mentioned in connection with micronizing explosives [17], later the techniques were applied for inorganic salts [18] and active pharmaceutical ingredients [19]. Changes in crystal structures and morphological variations [20] When gas antisolvent precipitation is combined with an extraction, it is referred to as supercritical antisolvent extraction [28], or supercritical antisolvent fractionation [29].…”

Fast further purification of diastereomeric salts of a nonracemic acid by gas antisolvent fractionation

“…By optimizing the operating conditions, partial precipitation can be achieved. [6][7][8][9] The first detailed study of the GAS technique for the purification of diastereomeric salts is presented in this article on the example of 1-phenylethanaminium -4chloromandelate diastereomeric salt. After depressurization the solid dry product is collected (Figure 1d).…”